at equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction in a closed system
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what is a catalyst?
a catalyst increases the rate of reaction without being used up but it has the same end result. it lowers the activation energy and uses an alternate pathway
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what two processes require a catalyst?
The haber process, Contact process
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what is 'le chatelier's principle'?
if a chemical dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions (concentration, temperature, volume or pressure), the position of the equilibrium moves to counteract the imposed change
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what happens if we increase the temperature in a reversible reaction?
if the temperature is increased, the equilibrium will shift to the opposite change
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what happens if we increase the pressure in a reversible reaction
if the pressure is increased, the system will favour the side with less moles
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the haber process: what happens when we increase the temperature?
if the temperature is increased, it favours the endothermic. there is a higher yield (amount) of reactants. compromise= 450°, this temp is good enough 1) fast rate, 2) good yield
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the haber process: what happens when we increase the pressure?
if the pressure is increased, it favours the side with less moles, compromise= 200atm, this is quick enough and not dangerous.
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Why do powdered substances have a faster rate of reaction?
They have a larger surface area allowing more successful collisions
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what is the equation for rate of reaction in temperature?
rate of reaction = 1/time taken (s)
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what happens to the time taken to react as we use larger chips?
powder= takes less time, increases until larger chips= most time
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why is a high concentration ideal?
the particles will collide more often and increase the rate of reaction
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what is the rate of reaction equation?
rate of reaction= amount of reaction used (or product formed (g)/ time (s)
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what is the definition of collision theory?
depends on frequency and how hard particles collide
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what is the minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to take place called?
activation energy
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what 4 ways can increase rate of reaction?
temperature, concentration (pressure), catalysts, surface area
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name the advantages and disadvantages of using catalysts in industry:
advantages: saves money, sustainable, increase rate of reaction. disadvantages: they are expensive to start with
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what happens at equilibrium?
Back
at equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction in a closed system
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