rate of reaction = quantity of reactant used/ time take or quantity of product formed/ time taken
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ways to measure the rate of a reaction
the change in mass, volume of gas produced,
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disadvantages and advantage of gas syringe
measures soluble gases disadvantage - often leaks
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how to calculate the rate of reaction at a specific time
first draw a tangent at the point you are interested in, then calculate the gradient of the tangent
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what are the five main factors that can affect a rate of reaction
Temperature, concentration, pressure surface area and catalysts
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what is concentration
is a measurement of the number of particles dissolved in a given volume of solvent; it is measured in grams per dm^3 or mold/dm^3
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what is pressure
is a measurement of the number of particles in a given volume of gas
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what is a catlyst
it is a substance that speed up a chemical reaction without being used up
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how does a catalyst speed up a catalyst
increase the rate of a reaction by providing a different pathway for a reaction that has a lower activation energy
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collision theory
states that chemical reactions can occur only when reacting partcles
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what is an equilibrium
is when the forward and reverse reactions occur at exactly the same rate
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what is a reversible reaction
is a reaction in which the products of the reaction can react to produce the original reactants again
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what is an example of a reversible reaction
Ammonium chloride goes to ammonia and hydrochloric acid in a gaseous form
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what is the energy change in a reversible reaction
if it is exothermic in one direction, it is endothermic in the opposite direction, and the same amount of energy is transferred in each case
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what happens to the energy change in an exothermic and endothermic reaction
in an exothermic reaction the energy change is negative and in an endothermic reaction the energy change is positive
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what is equilibrium
this is when the forward and backwards reaction occurs at the same rate
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what is Le Chatelier's Principle
if a system is at equilibrium and a change is made to any of the conditions, such as temperature, pressure or concentration, then the system responds to the counteract the change
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where is the only place where Le Chatelier's Principle
in a closed system
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according to Le Chatelier's Principle what happens when you increase the concentration of the reactants
this causes the forward reaction to happen at a faster rate than the backwards reaction. This shifts the position of equilibrium towards the right. this causes an increase in the yield of products and the opposite will occur if the conc of products
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according to Le Chatelier's Principle what happens when you increase the temperature
if the temp increases it will favor the endothermic reaction (backwards) since this will absorb energy from the surroundings and cool down
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according to Le Chatelier's Principle what happens when you decrease the temperature
if the temp increases it will favor the exothermic reaction (forwards) since this will release energy and heat up the system to counteract the change
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according to Le Chatelier's Principle what happens when you increase the pressure
if we increase the pressure the forward reaction will be favored which gives the fewest moles. Equilibrium will shift to the right as there are fewer moles and the opposite will happen if it is decreased
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
ways to measure the rate of a reaction
Back
the change in mass, volume of gas produced,
Card 3
Front
disadvantages and advantage of gas syringe
Back
Card 4
Front
how to calculate the rate of reaction at a specific time
Back
Card 5
Front
what are the five main factors that can affect a rate of reaction
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