Radicalism under Nicolas the second

?
What were banned before 1905?
Political parties
1 of 56
What were Nationalist politial parties?
Parties from countries within the empire that wanted independence from Russia
2 of 56
Give an example of a Nationalist political group
The Poles
3 of 56
What did populists see peasants as?
The political basis of future society
4 of 56
What did the populists want?
The dissolution of the Tsarist rule and a new form of government based on peasant communes, they disliked development and wanted gradually for the main government to fade away
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Who heavily influenced the Populist movement?
Alexander Herzen
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Who were the leading thinkers behind Populism? (what class)
The educated middle class
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What happened over time to Populism?
As its members were arrested and imprisoned, it became more radical, leading to groups sucha s the people's will.
8 of 56
Name a famous Populist group
The People's will
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Out of Populism, what two key groups were created?
The Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the Social Revolutionaries (SR)
10 of 56
When was the Social Democratic Party founded?
1898
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When was the Social Revolutionaries formed?
1901
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Who were the SR's lead by?
Victor Chernov
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What did the SR's believe?
That the future of Russia lay with the people
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Who were the Russian people in Chernov's eyes?
The workers and peasantry
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What did the SR's promise the peasantry?
That if they came to power, they would give the peasants their own land back without compensation to the gentry, as happened with emancipation
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What was a downside to the SR's?
They were not a tightly knit party and were made up of many divided factions
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What was the terrorist wing of the SR's called?
The combat organisation
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Name two people that the combat organisation of the SR's killed
Minister of the interior Plehve and the Tsar's uncle- Grand Duke Sergei
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What did the left faction of the SR's want?
A form of peasant socialism
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In 1917 what did the left side of the SR's do?
Joined with the Bolshevik fatcion of the SDP to create the first communist government.
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Who were the Anorchists and what did they want?
They were a faction of the SR's and they wanted independent peasant communes
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Which was the largest of the radical parties?
The Social Revolutionaries
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How heavy a role did the SR's play in the 1905 revolution?
A significant one. They supported peasant uprsings.
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What did the SR's create during the revolution and at what point in the revolution did they create it?
At the height of the revolution the SR's created the All-Russian Union of Peasants
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When was the All-Russian Union of Peasants first congress?
1906
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What did the All-Russian Union of Peasants call for?
Peasant ownership of land
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What was the SR's most popular policy?
That the peasantry should own their own land
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What political theorist did the Social Democratic party look to for inspiration?
Karl Marx (Marxism)
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What did the SDP think needed to happen in Russia for Marxism to succeed?
Industrialisation
30 of 56
What did the SDP think of Witte's policies?
That they were aiding the industrialisation of Russia and preparing it for a revolution where marxism would be introduced.
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What did the SDP want?
A socialist revolution
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Who was a key member of the Social Democrats before 1905?
Vladimir Lenin
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What did Lenin publish in 1902?
A pamphlet titled "what is to be done?"
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What did the pamphlet "What is to be done?" outline?
Lenin's plan for the creation of a radical party of revolutionaries who would lead Russia into socialist revolution
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Where and at what date was the second Social Democratic Party congress held and why?
1903 in London as most of the members of the SDP were exiled and living abroad
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What was the Okhrana?
The secret police
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What happened at the second SDP party congress?
The idea of a party split into the two factions- Bolsheviks and Mensheviks was raised.
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Who caused the split of factions?
Lenin as he wanted to limit the membership of the party to those who wanted to initiate a socialist revolution
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What did the Mensheviks want in regard to membership of the SDP?
Whoever shared the same aims as them could join them
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What happened to create two factions in the SDP?
The Jewish Bund faction left and Lenin again raised the question
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What does Bolsheviks mean?
Majority
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What does Mensheviks mean?
Minority
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What were the Kulaks?
The rich peasants
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When was the Zemstva created?
During the reign of Alexander II
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What were Zemstva?
The first political organisation in Russia that contained elected officials
46 of 56
Name one way Russian liberalism was allowed to develop
Through the zemstva
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What organisation did a number of political exiles create?
The Union of Liberation
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What political stance was the Union of Liberation?
Liberals
49 of 56
What two political groups were created after the 1905 revolution?
The Octobrists and The Kadets
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What was the main thing that the October Manifesto suggested?
That a national parliament be created.
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What did the Octobrists think of the October Manifesto?
That it provided the best settlement for Russian constitutional development
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Where the Octoberists supporters or opposition to Nicholas II?
They supported him
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What is the full name for the Kadets?
The Constitutional Democrats
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What was the most radical liberal group?
Kadets
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What did the Kadets see the manifesto proposing a parliament as?
The start, but only the beginning of political reform
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What were Nationalist politial parties?

Back

Parties from countries within the empire that wanted independence from Russia

Card 3

Front

Give an example of a Nationalist political group

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did populists see peasants as?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did the populists want?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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