Pychology - Contributions To Society Edexcel

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  • Created by: Rebecca
  • Created on: 17-04-13 06:48
Cognitive Psychology - The Cognitive Interview
•Increase the reliability of Eye Witness Testimony •Shows Memory is not 100% correct and EWT can be changes by many factors
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•Increase the reliability of Eye Witness Testimony •Shows Memory is not 100% correct and EWT can be changes by many factors •Supported by Loftus and Palmer, developed from well evidenced theory•Evidence from controlled, reliable lab experiments
•Miine found that the Cognitive Interview had no better recall than other techniques •Memon et all found the environment did not affect recall •Made up of many features. Hard to test which ones effect
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Biological - Gender
• Explained through hormones and genes; MALES = XY & governed by Androgens, FEMALES = ** & governed by Estrogens • Helps us understand some people are born **Y and some are wrongly assigned a sex • This helps us help such people
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• Have objectivity • Reliable, and is commonly accepted • It is is measurable and testable
• Other Explanations for gender development (Freud, SLT) • Does not take nurture into account • Does not specify the difference between Sex
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Learning Theory - Token Economy
• Helps to control behavior, used in prisons, schools ect • Works by operant conditioning ( a well evidenced theory.) by rewarding desirable behaviors • Helps society comply with social norms and rules • Helping society feel safe and comfortable
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• Can be run by people who are not therapists • Training is not expensive o Can be used on people who do not want to be involved with therapists o No insight into past lives – No judgment
• Medication does not work in all cases • Drugs can benefit society rather than patient • Explaining the illness is hard because of the different forms of schizophrenia
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Crimminological - Offender Profiling
• Can see patterns in crimes to help catch the criminal • Used to find suspects within an investigation
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• Gives police clues in cases that have an urgency to stop, as a similar event may occur • Takes all aspects of the case into account (psychological aspect) less details are likely to be missed
• Hard to show as effective, as it is only one aspect of a crime • Can be idiosyncratic, different people may interpret the situation differently , and so is subjective, and so not scientific
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Clinical - Schizophrenia
•Helps a mental health disorder to be treated benefiting the individual and the family benefit. • The persons behavior will fit with social norms benefiting society as they will feel more comfortable
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• In 1/3 cases drugs can help a schizophrenic function in society, instead of being institutionalized • Care in the community can help this reducing relapse rates and is ethical
• Medication does not work in all cases • Drugs may benefit Society more than the patient • Explaining the illness is difficult as there is different forms of Schizophrenia
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Child - Daycare
• Helps parents to know whether daycare is good or bad for their child • If it has a negative or positive effect on development • Weather it will cause antisocial behavior in the society at an older age • It shows if mother and father can work,
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• There is evidence to show it is beneficial however some psychologists say it could cause problems and not all daycare is good • Evidence from a range of methods, covering many variables that may affect the situation = Valid
• There are many variables in a daycare setting it is hard to study them all • Hard to replicate due to lack of control
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Psychodynamic - Psychoanalysis
• Freud’s ideas of the subconscious mind , and that we need to make unconscious thoughts conscious to stay in a sable mind • This can help mentally ill function in society • And so helps society to maintain mental health
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• Has been used for over 100 years and is still being built upon • It is depth knowledge of a person’s whole life, helping them to live successfully from their own viewpoint
• Involves intensive visits over a long period of time and so it is time consuming • It is hard to measure the concept as it is subjective • Hard to show that this method is affective
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Social - Reducing Prejudice
This can help in-groups and out-groups merge and reduce prejudice Social identity theory explains hostility between in-groups and out-groups forms prejudice
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• Sherrif et al found when two groups of boys worked together they claimed to have more friends in the opposite group than before • Studies like this are done with high control, and are reliable • Tajfel and Sherrif et al both support this theory
• It is not easy to remove in-group/out-group behavior • Many circumstances must come together to reduce prejudice
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

•Increase the reliability of Eye Witness Testimony •Shows Memory is not 100% correct and EWT can be changes by many factors •Supported by Loftus and Palmer, developed from well evidenced theory•Evidence from controlled, reliable lab experiments

Back

•Miine found that the Cognitive Interview had no better recall than other techniques •Memon et all found the environment did not affect recall •Made up of many features. Hard to test which ones effect

Card 3

Front

Biological - Gender

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

• Have objectivity • Reliable, and is commonly accepted • It is is measurable and testable

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Learning Theory - Token Economy

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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