Public Health Reforms In The 19th Century.

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  • Created by: cieran_10
  • Created on: 07-10-18 11:12
In what year did Chadwick publish his report on the "Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain."
1842.
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What five things did Chadwick conclude in his report?
Urban living was worse for health than country living, laws shoud be apssed for good drainage and sewage, conditions being made better should be funded by local taxes, healthy workforces=saving money and bad conditions=immoral behaviour, not vice-ver
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Give a quote from Chadwick's report.
"drainage.... cleansing, better ventilation.... diease almost entriely dissappears."
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How many copeis did Chadwick SELL?
20,000.
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How many copies of his report did Chadwick give away?
10,000.
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Why was Chadwick's report a major factor in getting the government to start acting for public health?
As it changed people's attidues and beliefs about the poor people of Britain.
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Before Chadwick's report, give two reasons why the upper classes believed that the poor caused thier poor helath and livving conditions?
Laziness and drunkenness.
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When was the Health of Town Comission set up and why was it?
In 1844, to investiage Chadwick's findings.
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What the commission say about Chadwick's findings?
That they were ALL TRUE.
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What group was established to campaign for better public health?
The Health of Towns Association.
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How many people did the cholera epidemic of 1848 kill in England?
53,000 people.
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What two things put pressure on Parliment to pass thier Public Health Act and when was the act passed?
The cholera epidemic of 1848 and Chadwick's report and it was passed n 1848.
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What two things did the first Public Health Act did?
It set up the central Board of Health and allowed town to set up its own local board of health as long as the taxpayers allowed for it.
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Who was a prominent member of the central Board of Health?
Chadwick.
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Give two reasons why the 1848 Public Health Act had limited impact?
As it many town chose not to set up a local board of helath and those that did refused to spend money on improving anything.
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In what years did Chadwick retire and why?
1854, as he annoyed many people on the board.
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When was the central board of health dismatled?
In 1858.
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In what year did Germ Theory come into play, what did it say and who came up with it?
In 1861 and Louis Pasteur published it from Francwe when he found that microorganisms in the air caused fdood and drink to go off, leading to him finding the germs that cuased SOME diseases.
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In what year and who found out that bacteria casued cholera?
In 1883 by the German Robert Koch.
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What did Koch's discovery and Germ Theory allow people to relaise?
That better living conditiosn would imporve public health.
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What attitude did the government take to Public Health for the most part of the 19th century?
A laissex-faire attitude.
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What did Snow's discovery show?
That better living conditions would lead to better health.
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In what year was the Second Reform Act passed and what did do?
In 1867 and it gave an additional 1 million men the vote, most of which were indsutrial workers.
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What did the Second Reform Act enable?
It allowed for the lower classes to demand for better public health and working conditions in exchnage for a vote for a certain party.
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Between what years did the government set up the Local Government Board, what were they going to do for public health and why?
Between 1871-1872 and they were going to divide Britain into sanitary areas adminsistered by officers for public health by the advice of the Royal Sanitary Comission.
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I what years who's government passed the second Public Health Act?
In 1875 by Benjamin Disraeli's government.
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What two things did the second Public Health do?
It firced councils to appoint health inspectors and sanitary inspectors to esnure laws were followed on hygiene and water supplies. It made councils maintain sewerage systems and keep town streets clean.
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Why was the second Public Health Act more effective than the first?
As it was compulsary.
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When did Disraeli pass in the Artisan's Dwelling Act and what did it do?
In 1875 and it let local councils buy slums with poor living conditions and then rebuild them to meeet new housing standards.
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Who was Joseph Chamberlain?
Mayor of Birmingham in 1873.
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What did Chamberlain do for Brum (in terms of living supplies) and why?
Pursauded the city authorities to buy the gas and water companies, to ensure that people had a good supply of both.
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What two things did Chamberlain do for Brum in 1875?
Improve the city slums, to build a new street in their place. He impiorved the slum housing too for some people.
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What city were th first to set up council housing and when?
Liverpool in the 1870s.
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What did Liverpool council do to ensure the health of its people?
Set up health visits.
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Complete the sentence: by the end of the __________ local governments were competing to better at_____________________ ?
1800s and health of thier citizens.
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Give an example of philanthropy in Brum. Say when, who , where and what?
During the beginning of 1879n the Cadburys tried to improve housing and lifestyles for thier workers in Bournville.
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Who began to build Port Sunlight and when in Merseyside?
The Lever Brothers in 1888.
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How many hosues was Port Sunlight to have?
800.
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Name four things Port Sunlight would have except for housing?
Schools, a church, a hospital and an art gallery.
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What was Port Sunlight?
A model workers' village.
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Why did Octavia Hill create a model housing scheme?
As she was concerned by the terrible conditions that people were living in.
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Why did Octavia Hill co-found the National Trst and when did she do this?
As she believed that people should have access to green spaces. In 1895.
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From when did some local councils start to clear slums, to replace them with council houses for those living there?
From the 1870s.
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Why did skilled workers gain from the housing improvements?
As they were able to afford to new and higher rents for the better housing.
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Why did the development of railway systems allow for there to be less crowded towns?
As they allowed the richer people, of the middle class, to move out of the towns and into the suburbs.
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Give tow examples of Victorian egineering.
Brick-lined sewers and steam-driven pumped water systems.
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Where was the Boughton Pumping Station?
In Nottinghamshire.
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Why was it that there were so many advances to improve public health during the 19th century?
Due to the many advacnes in science and technology then, which allowed disease's causes to be identified and prevented.
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Why did people begin to intervene in the actions of the government during the period?
As their attitudes had changed towards them.
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Why was intervention in poor living conditions made more urgent in the 19th century?
As more and more people became affected by the poor living conditions in towns.
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Name two types of poor housing that continued to exist through the 1900s in industrial towns?
Slums and overcrowded houses.
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Complete the sentence: the poor worked ______________ hours for ____________ wages?
Long, low.
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Why was it difficult for families who wanted healthcare during the 19th century?
They couldn't afford doctors or medicine.
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What was a constant challenge that was faced by 19th century poor fiamilies?
Providing thier children with three good meals a day.
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What was the ONE option for those suffering from hunger and destitution?
The workhouse.
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What two things did the workhouse provide in exchange for working in brutal conditions for long hours?
Basic food and lodgings.
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When did Charles Booth publish the report of the "Life and Labour of the People in London?"
1889.
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What percentage of people did Booth say were in severe poverty in London?
30%.
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What did the Booth report show about finding work in London?
That is was almost impossible, no matter how hard a person tried.
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What did the Booth reveal about the wages of some people?
That they were not enough to support a family.
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Where did Seebohm Rowntree own a factory?
In York.
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Why did Rowntree do a survey?
As he didn't believe that the living conditions in York were as bad as in London.
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When did Rowntree publish his report named, "Poverty, A Study of Town Life?"
In 1901.
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What perctnage of people did Rowntree find that couldn't affiord basic food and housing?
28%.
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When the Boer War broke out in 1899, what percentage of volunteers did army offciers find to be unfit for war? What was thei MOSTLY due to?
40%, due to poverty related illnesses.
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What report heavily influenced the reforms of David Lloyd George?
Rowntree's.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What five things did Chadwick conclude in his report?

Back

Urban living was worse for health than country living, laws shoud be apssed for good drainage and sewage, conditions being made better should be funded by local taxes, healthy workforces=saving money and bad conditions=immoral behaviour, not vice-ver

Card 3

Front

Give a quote from Chadwick's report.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How many copeis did Chadwick SELL?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How many copies of his report did Chadwick give away?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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