What are the behavioural characteristics of depression?
Low activity levels, Disrupted sleep and eating, Aggression, Self harm
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What are the emotional characteristics of depression?
Lowered mood, Anger, Lowered self-esteem
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What are the cognitive characteristics of depression?
Poor concentration, Dwelling on the negative, Absolutist thinking
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What are the behavioural characteristics of OCD?
Compulsions, Avoidance
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What are the emotional characteristics of OCD?
Anxiety, Distress, Depression, Disgust, Guilt
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What are the cognitive characteristics of OCD?
Obsessive thoughts, Strategies, Insight into anxiety
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What is the two-process model?
The behavioural approach to explaining phobias as suggested by Mowrer in 1960. Acquisition by classical conditioning and maintenance by operant conditioning
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Evaluate the two-process model
Good explanatory power and useful for treatments, gives an alternative explanation for avoidance, but it is incomplete as it doesn't include evolutionary factors
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How do you treat phobias?
Systematic desensitisation and flooding
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What are the stages of systematic desensitisation?
Anxiety hierarchy, Relaxation, Exposure
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What is flooding?
When an individual is exposed to an extreme form of the phobic stimulus to reduce the anxiety it triggers.
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What is the negative triad?
Proposed by Beck, it suggests three things that contribute to someone becoming depressed. Negative views of the world, the future and oneself
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What is Ellis's ABC model?
Suggests an activating event triggers an irrational belief which produces a consequence, such as depression
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What is CBT?
Cognitive behaviour therapy, a method used to treat disorders which challenges negative thoughts
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What is the diathesis-stress model?
Suggests that certain genes mean some people are more likely to suffer a mental disorder, but that environmental stress is necessary to trigger it
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What is the genetic explanation of OCD?
Polygenic, more than one gene can cause OCD. Evidence shows 68% of identical twins shared OCD compared to 31% of non-identical twins
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What is the neural explanation?
That a reduction in serotonin many stop the normal transmission of mood-relevant information
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What are SSRI's?
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, which prevent the re-absorption and breakdown of serotonin to increase its levels in the synapse
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is statistical infrequency?
Back
When an individual has a less common characteristic
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