Occurs when an individual has a less common characteristic than the rest of the population
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Definition of deviation from social norms
A person's thinking or behaviour is classified as abnormal if it violates the unwritten rules of what is expected or acceptable behaviour in a particular social group
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Definition of failure to function adequately
occurs when someone is unable to cope with ordinary demands of day-to-day living
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Definition of deviation from ideal mental health
Jahoda suggested criteria necessary for ideal mental health, an absence of any of these characteristics indicate individuals as being abnormal
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What are Jahoda's criteria for ideal mental health?
1.No symptoms 2.rational 3.self-actualise 4.cope with stress 5.realistic view of the world 6.self-esteem 7.independant 8.successfully work, love and enjoy leisure
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What is a phobia?
An irrational fear of an object or situation
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What are the behavioural characteristics of phobias?
Panic, avoidance or endurance
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What is the main emotional characteristic of a phobia?
Anxiety
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What are the cognitive characteristics of phobias?
Selective attention to the phobic stimulus, irrational beliefs, cognitive distortions
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What is depression?
A mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels
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What are the characteristics of depression?
Activity levels reduced, disruption to sleep and eating behaviour, aggression and self harm
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What are the emotional characteristics of depression?
Lowered mood, anger and lowered self-esteem
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What are the cognitive characteristics of depression?
Poor concentration, attending to and dwelling on the negative, absolutist thinking
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What is OCD?
A condition characterised by obsessions and/or compulsive
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What are the behavioural characteristics of OCD?
Compulsions and avoidance
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What are emotional characteristics of OCD?
Anxiety and distress, accompanying depression, guilt and disgust
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What are the cognitive characteristics of OCD?
Obsessive thoughts, cognitive strategies to deal with obsessions and insight into excessive anxiety
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What are the 2 approaches to treating phobias?
Systematic desensitisation and flooding
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What is systematic desensitisation ?
Involves drawing up a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking situations related to the phobic stimulus, teaching the patient to relax then exposing them to phobic situations
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What is flooding?
A phobic patient is exposed to an extreme form of a phobic stimulus in order to reduce anxiety triggered by that stimulus
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What are the two cognitive approaches to explaining depression?
Beck's negative triad and Ellis's ABC model
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What is Beck's negative triad?
Three kinds of negative thinking that contribute to becoming depressed; negative views of the world, the future and self.
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What is Ellis's ABC model?
Depression occurs when an activating event triggers and irrational belief which in turn produces and consequence i.e. an emotional response like depression
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What are the cognitive approaches to treating depression?
CBT and REBT
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What is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)?
From the cognitive viewpoint the therapy aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts, the therapy also includes behavioural techniques such as behavioural activation
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What is REBT?
Identify and dispute irrational thoughts, the therapist may cause an argument to change the patients opinion
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What are the biological approaches to explaining OCD?
Genetic - candidate genes, neural - serotonin
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What is the biological approach to treating OCD?
Drug therapy - SSIR's
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What are SSRI's?
An antidepressant that works on the serotonin system by increasing the levels of serotonin
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What are the alternatives to SSRI's?
Tricyclics and SNRI's
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A person's thinking or behaviour is classified as abnormal if it violates the unwritten rules of what is expected or acceptable behaviour in a particular social group
Back
Definition of deviation from social norms
Card 3
Front
occurs when someone is unable to cope with ordinary demands of day-to-day living
Back
Card 4
Front
Jahoda suggested criteria necessary for ideal mental health, an absence of any of these characteristics indicate individuals as being abnormal
Back
Card 5
Front
1.No symptoms 2.rational 3.self-actualise 4.cope with stress 5.realistic view of the world 6.self-esteem 7.independant 8.successfully work, love and enjoy leisure
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