Psychopathology

?
Define Abnormality.
Anything that is deemed to be not 'normal', but there are many definitions of abnormality.
1 of 36
Statistical Infrequency
A person's characteristic, thinking or behaviour would be considered to be abnormal if it was found to be numerically (statistically) rare. The behaviour is less frequent and they are often a minority.
2 of 36
Deviation from Social Norms
Abnormality is when people demonstrate unusual behaviour which breaches unwritten social rules of acceptable behaviour.Behaviour is described as being deviant, which is considered undesirable.
3 of 36
Failure to Function Adequately
Abnormality is when a person a person experiences psychological distress or their behaviour is maladaptive or they are unpredictable or irrational or cause others to feel distressed. (Prevents them from living happy, fulfilled lives)
4 of 36
Deviation from ideal Mental Health
You are said to be abnormal if you don't meet a criteria that indicates mental health. This looks at how normal people behaviour and then people are assessed against this.
5 of 36
One limitation of Deviation from ideal Mental Health.
Most people qre unable to meet all criteria of ideal mental health, but this doesn't mean they are mentally ill.
6 of 36
What is a Phobia?
A fear that is out of proportion to the actual threat is likely to be diagnosed as a phobia.
7 of 36
By what criteria is a phobia diagnosed.
Persistent fear of a specific situation which is out of proportion to the real danger. They have a sense that something catastrophic will happen and they have a compelling desire to avoid and escape the situation.
8 of 36
What approach is used to explain Phobias?
The Behavioural (learning) approach views abnormal behaviour as having developed in the same way as all other behaviour, through classical and operant conditioning.
9 of 36
What the difference between Classical and Operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning is learning by association, whereas operant condition is learning by its consequences.
10 of 36
Social learning theory.
The social learning theory is learning by observation. By observing others we learn behaviours that they are demonstrating.
11 of 36
The two process model (Phobia)
This states that phobias are acquired (learned in the first place) by classical conditioning and then continue because of operant conditioning.
12 of 36
Flooding
Flooding involves exposing phobic patients to the phobic stimulus immediately without gradual exposure. Patients are immediately exposed to a frightening situation.
13 of 36
Systematic Desensitisation
This method is used to treat phobias and is based on the principle of reciprocal inhibition, which is the idea that it is impossible for a person to experience extreme fear at the same time as being relaxed. Anxiety hierarchy, relaxation and exposure
14 of 36
Emotional Characteristics of Depression
Lowered mood, anger, and lowered self-esteem.
15 of 36
Cognitive characteristics of Depression
Cognitive is the way people process information. Poor concentration and Attend to dwell on the negative.
16 of 36
Behavioural characteristics of Depression
Reduced levels of energy leading to feeling lethargic, Disruption to sleep and eating patterns and Self-harm.
17 of 36
What approach is used to explain Depression.
The cognitive approach is used to treat and explain depression. Often this approach suggests that to treat depression you have to offer therapy where faulty thinking is challenged and replaced, replaced with more relastic thoughts.
18 of 36
Becks Negative Triad
The idea that those with depression experience negative self schemas which often lead to automatic thoughts. Including negative views about; the self, the world and the future.
19 of 36
Albert Ellis's ABC Model
The (A) activating event triggers an emotion that we believe (B) to be true, and the consequence (C) is that we become anxious and depressed because we have a negative view about ourselves.
20 of 36
Reciprocal inhibition
That it is impossible for a person to experience extreme fear at the same time as being relaxed.
21 of 36
Schema
We develop schemas or 'core beliefs' which are patterns of thinking about ourselves and the world.
22 of 36
What does the ABC stand for in Ellis Model?
Activating event. The Belief. The consequent emotion.
23 of 36
What therapies are used for treating Depression?
Rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) and Disputing.
24 of 36
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy.
This is a type of cognitive behaviour therapy used to treat depression. 'The Three Basic Musts' are all common irrational beliefs that have a demand about ourselves, other people or the world.
25 of 36
What are the two types of Disputing?
Therapists may use logical Logical disputing involves questioning the rationality of the clients beliefs,whereas empirical disputing involves asking the client questions which challenge the evidence that the clients beliefs are true.
26 of 36
Little Albert (1920)
(Linked to Phobias) Albert was months old, when he was given phobia of white fluffy animals by the researcher, who made a loud noise with a metal bar every time Albert reached out to stoke them.
27 of 36
Why might CBT not be suitable for everyone?
Cognitive behaviour therapy may not be appropriate for young children and patients with low IQ because you need to be able to reflex on your own thinking, which is a complex skill.
28 of 36
What approach is used to explain OCD?
The biological approachis used to explain and treat OCD. (Obsessive compulsive disorder).
29 of 36
What is OCD?
Obsessive compulsive disorder is a mental disorder which consists of two main symptoms; obsessions and compulsions
30 of 36
Obsessions
Obsessions are the cognitive component. They are the thoughts or imagery which occur frequently, causing distress. The sufferer has little control over them and include; obsessive thoughts, repetitively doubting and impulses.
31 of 36
Compulsions
Compulsions are the behavioural component, they are behaviours which the sufferer feels compelled to do which often serve no purpose. They can take the form of rituals which need to be completed before moving on. Reduce anxiety caused by obsessions.
32 of 36
What are the 4 common types of compulsions?
Cleaning rituals, Checking rituals, Counting rituals and Dressing rituals.
33 of 36
Cyclical pattern
Many sufferers of OCD their mental disorder follows a cyclical pattern. This involves an obsessive thought leading to anxiety, which causes an compulsive behaviour giving temporary relief.
34 of 36
Drug Therapy for treating OCD
Low levels of serotonin are associated with OCD, therefore there are drug treatments to increase the amount of serotonin. SSRI's (Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitor) is a drug used to block re-absorption, increasing serotonin.
35 of 36
Low levels of serotonin.
Low levels of serotonin affect a person's mood and other mental processses, such as feeling that a task has to be completed. Also low levels can affect decision making.
36 of 36

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A person's characteristic, thinking or behaviour would be considered to be abnormal if it was found to be numerically (statistically) rare. The behaviour is less frequent and they are often a minority.

Back

Statistical Infrequency

Card 3

Front

Abnormality is when people demonstrate unusual behaviour which breaches unwritten social rules of acceptable behaviour.Behaviour is described as being deviant, which is considered undesirable.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Abnormality is when a person a person experiences psychological distress or their behaviour is maladaptive or they are unpredictable or irrational or cause others to feel distressed. (Prevents them from living happy, fulfilled lives)

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

You are said to be abnormal if you don't meet a criteria that indicates mental health. This looks at how normal people behaviour and then people are assessed against this.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Psychopathology resources »