Psychology wooo (attachment)
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- Created by: georgie
- Created on: 02-01-13 22:56
What is attachment?
The formation of a strong, reciprocal, emotional bond between and infant and a primary caregiver
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What are the characteristics of attachment, according to Macoby?
Proximity seeking, Separation anxiety and pleasure when reunited, general orientation towards individual.
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What are consequences for a child who doesn't have an attachment?
Stunted mental growth, unable to connect to people, trust/anxiety issues, vulnerable.
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What was Schaffer and Emerson (1964)'s longitudinal study?
They studied 60 babies for the first 18 months of their live, based on interviews and observations/
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What did Schaffer and Emerson find?
Pre 7 months babies don't form a singular attachment but after this, between 7-11 months they form a primary attachment.
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What is sensitive responsiveness?
Attachments formed with those who respond accurately to the baby's signals
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What is the Learning Theory?
Attachment is formed through conditioning - association and reinforcement. Unconditioned goes to neutral which eventually goes to conditioned stimulus and conditioned response.
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What is Harlow's Monkeys (1958) ?
Baby monkeys were separated from their mothers and kept in cages with either a soft mother, or a mother with milk. More time was spent with the soft mother; this challenges the Learning Theory.
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Why can we not use the results from Harlow's Monkeys on humans?
They cannot be extrapolated because humans are physiologically and mentally different to animals.
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What are the 8 aspects of Bowlby's Theory?
Monotropy, Adaptive and Innate, Sensitive Period, Continuity Hypothesis, Secure Base, Social Releasers, Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis, Internal Working Model
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What is Ethology?
The study of animals and how they relate with human behaviour.
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What did Konrad Lorenz do and what did he find?
He took geese from their mothers straight from birth and found that they imprint within 12 hours, this bond lasts a lifetime and the imprint upon the first living thing they see after birth.
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What are the three different types of attachment?
Secure, Anxious Resistant and Anxious Avoidant.
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Who discovered this and called the experiment 'The Love Quiz?'
Hazen and Shaver (1987)
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What was The Strange Situation (Ainsworth 1978)
Children were left alone in a room with mum and toys to see if they would explore, mum would leave and a stranger would enter, stranger would leave and mum would enter, child's reaction the whole time was noted.
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Kagen suggested that..
It is the child's temperament which leads to different attachment types, rather than the parenting style.
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Belsky and Rovine (1987) said.. (Interactionist theory)
It is a mixture of the child's temperament and the upbringing which affects attachment style.
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Why does The Strange Situation have a small limited sample?
Only 26 pairs were used, all of these were middle class american women, therefore the sample is unrepresentative and results cannot be generalised to a wider population.
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What are the signs of short term disruption of attachment? (Robertson and Bowlby 1952)
Protest, despair, detachment (emotionally unresponsive)
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What did Curtiss (1977) do?
Genie (kept alone for 13 years, never recovered)
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Describe Koluchova (1976)
The Czech twins - kept alone for 7 years, had each other (formed attachments) managed to recover completely
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Describe Hodges and Tizzard (1989)
Children who had been placed into institutionalised care for at least the first two years of live were placed with different types of care - eg adopted, left in care, or returned to parents. Those adopted formed the best relationships and made more a
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Cases which found that children in day care are more aggressive
Baker et al (2005) and the EPPE project (1991)
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Cases which found that children in day care are less/not noticeably differently aggressive
Shea et al (1981) and ALSPAC (1991-1992)
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Cases which found that day care has a positive effect on peer relationships
Shea (1981) Andersson (1989, 1992)
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Variables which may affect the child's experience of day care:
The quality of the care given, the amount of time spent in care, the type of day care, the child's attachment type
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the characteristics of attachment, according to Macoby?
Back
Proximity seeking, Separation anxiety and pleasure when reunited, general orientation towards individual.
Card 3
Front
What are consequences for a child who doesn't have an attachment?
Back
Card 4
Front
What was Schaffer and Emerson (1964)'s longitudinal study?
Back
Card 5
Front
What did Schaffer and Emerson find?
Back
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