PSYCHOLOGY GCSE TOPIC D 5.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings ? PsychologyPhobiasGCSEEdexcel Created by: isabelletgrayCreated on: 29-12-13 15:28 Classical Conditioning A learning process which builds up an association between the two stimuli through repeated pairings. 1 of 25 Association The link between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus that make the neutral stimulus cause the same response. 2 of 25 Generalisation When a conditioned response is produced to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus. 3 of 25 Phobia An intense fear that prevents ‘normal living’ in some way. 4 of 25 Extinction The loss of a classically conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeated many times without the unconditioned stimulus. 5 of 25 Modeling Imitating the behavior of someone. 6 of 25 Vicarious Reinforcement Learning through the positive consequences of other people’s actions rather than firsthand – we are more likely to copy if they are rewarded. 7 of 25 Prepardness The tendency to learn some associations more easily, quickly and permanently than others. 8 of 25 Questionaries A research method using written questions 9 of 25 Open (-ended) Questions Question that asks for description and detail. 10 of 25 Closed Question Simple question with few possible answers. 11 of 25 Likert-style question Question using statements with five choices from ‘strongly agree’ to ‘strongly disagree’. 12 of 25 Rank-Style Question Question with points either in order that can be chosen or that can be put in order. 13 of 25 Standardised Instructions Guidance for participants that is the same for everyone. 14 of 25 Response Bias the patterns that participants fall into when answering a questionnaire, for example always saying ‘yes’ or trying to guess the aim. 15 of 25 Social Desirability Bias When participants give the answers they think will be acceptable to other people, to make themselves look better. 16 of 25 Anxiety A state of fear or worry. 17 of 25 Hierarchy of Fears A list of fears that are arranged from most to least feared. 18 of 25 Distressing When a person is suffering physically or psychologically. They may feel harm, embarrassment or pain. 19 of 25 Right to withdraw The ability of a person to remove himself or herself from the situation. 20 of 25 Custom A longstanding practice of a particular group of people. 21 of 25 Tradition A practice that has been handed down through generations. 22 of 25 Social Norm A behavior or belief that is expected and accepted in a particular culture. 23 of 25 Collectivist Describes a culture that encourages group dependence, cooperation and group identity, e.g. Japan. People rely on each other to achieve together. 24 of 25 Individualistic Describes a culture that encourages independence, personal achievement, competition and individuality.e.g. the USA. 25 of 25
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