in asian cultures people are praised for not showing physical symptoms of emotional termoil, this means they tend to display physical symptoms
1 of 29
Kua
72% of people in china who first presented chest/abdominal pain/headaches were found to have a mental health problem.
2 of 29
Beck
inter rater reliability of two psychiatrists. 154 patients, 54% agreement.
3 of 29
Zanari
DSM. N=52, external reliability (7-10 test retest) correlation coefficient 0.61
4 of 29
Wittchen
20,421 participants on target day. filled out depression screening questionnaire. 4.2% depressed (DSM), 11.3% depressed ICD-10. 633 doctors, their patients only. 75% DSM and 59% ICD diagnosis doctors saw as depressed.11.7% not meeting either conditin
5 of 29
Wiseman, KIdd and Prusoff
2x as many cases of depression in first degree relativess of people with depression, compared to fist degree relatives that did not suffer from the disorder. higher for female relatives.
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McGuffin
214 pairs of twins. one or both being treated for unipolar depression. 46% concorddance rate for MZ. 20% for DZ
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Caspi
Dunedin birth cohort study. short allele and presence of stressful life events associated with an increased risk of depression, but not on long allel
8 of 29
Sjoberg
Interactions between 5HTTPLR genotype and various adversity measures on risk of depression. effects opposite in men and women.
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Wender and Klein
Drugs to rats which lowered levels of noradrenaline, made them sluggish and inactive
10 of 29
Mintun
PET scan, severely depressed/non depressed. serotonin receptors marked with the chemical tracer altanserin. depressed had fewer serotonin recpetors.
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Mezulis
Parental criticism. 289 US children, from infancy to 11 years. Questionnaires examined cognitive style, life events, parenting style. Parental behaviour not associated with negative cognitive style in children.
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Evans
Women in the 18th week of pregnancy. negative/dysfuncitonal beliefs. highest negative self beliefs meant they were 60% more likley to become depressed than those with the lowest scores. also predicted depression 3 years later.
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Segal
Negative thinking is a consequence rather than a factor of depression
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Bifulco
some evidence people who experience loss become depressed
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Bonanno
Fewer than 10% of people who suffer loss of a parent become depressed
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Gregory
ECT and sham ECT - difference favours ECT
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Scott
18 studies, 1,144 p's. ect and antidepressents - ECt more effective in short term.
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Rose
1/3 of patients experience memory loss with ECT
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Department of Health
ECt patients in last 2 years. 30% had permanent fear and anxiety.
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Butler
16 meta analysis of CBT found it was very effective
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Hollon
cognitive treatments have lower relapse rate
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Holmes
Trials on CBT for depression are highly selective, They involve patients with no additional symptoms, less trials for more complex patients.
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Burnand
74 p's, 29-65. anti depressents and or psychotherapy. when combined there was less treatment failure, better work adjustment and better global functioning
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Driessen
Psychodynamic short term supportive therapy or CBT. severly depressed also had antidepressents. average post treatment remission rate 22.7% no significant difference between psychodynamic and CBT. conlusion was that 16 weeks not enough.
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Arroll
TCA and SSRI more significant reduction in symptoms than a placebo
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Turner
Publication bias. More likley to show results that are effective
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Montgomery
SSRI's are better tolerated, patients more likely to continue with treatment and recover
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Barbui
SSRi increase risk of suicide among adolescents . risk decreased among adults, especially those over 65.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
72% of people in china who first presented chest/abdominal pain/headaches were found to have a mental health problem.
Back
Kua
Card 3
Front
inter rater reliability of two psychiatrists. 154 patients, 54% agreement.
Back
Card 4
Front
DSM. N=52, external reliability (7-10 test retest) correlation coefficient 0.61
Back
Card 5
Front
20,421 participants on target day. filled out depression screening questionnaire. 4.2% depressed (DSM), 11.3% depressed ICD-10. 633 doctors, their patients only. 75% DSM and 59% ICD diagnosis doctors saw as depressed.11.7% not meeting either conditin
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