Given numbers to remember, each time increased by one. Capacity of STM - 5-9 Items. Lab expt.
1 of 20
Peterson + Peterson
Nonsense trigram followed by three numbers (WRT, 303). After hearing trigram, Pps count backwards to prevent encoding. Duration of STM - 3-18 seconds.
2 of 20
Baddeley
Information is stored acoustically in STM. Information is stored semantically in LTM.
3 of 20
Posner
Presented Pps with AA, Aa, Ab, St. Asked to say same or different. Longer for Aa that AA. Suggesting STM has a visual code.
4 of 20
Baddeley + Hitch
Working Memory Model
5 of 20
Baddeley - Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Pps had to follow a light with a pointer, whilst having to imagine looking at a block letter, hold image in head, and respond to each angle yes, if it were bottom or top line, or no if it weren't. Difficulty - therefore limited resources of v-s s.
6 of 20
Baddeley - Phonological loop
Pps can recall me short words than long words in a memory test (word-length effect). Therefore limited capacity - length of 1.5 seconds.
7 of 20
Baddeley - Central executive
Pps generated random strings of numbers by pressing keys on keyboard whilst reciting the alphabet, counting upwards from 1, alternating 1A, 2B, 3C... - Limited capacity.
8 of 20
Loftus + Palmer
45 students. Lab expt. 5 groups. How fast were the cars going when they smashed, bumped, collided?
9 of 20
Loftus + Zanni
Did you see a (7%) / the (17%) broken headlight?
10 of 20
Carmichael
Memories can be distorted by what happens after an event.
11 of 20
Yuille + Cutshall
Victims of real life street crime. Those most distressed (reported nightmares) had most accurate recall. Only 13 students - not representative.
12 of 20
Christianson + Hubinette
58 real witnesses to bank robberies. Those who were threatened in some way had better recall, even 15 months later. emotion and anxiety enhances recall of Ewt.
13 of 20
Loftus
Weapon Focus Effect. Pen and Grease, or Paper knife and blood.
Three age groups shown photographs which they had to rate for attractiveness. Then presented with 48 (24 same, 24 diff) and had to recognize. Each most accurate in identifying own age group.
15 of 20
Fin et al
Questioned adults and children one day and five months after an incident. Significant forgetting in children five months later.
16 of 20
Yarmey
Elderly people more susceptible to misleading information.
17 of 20
Fisher et al
Used cognitive interview in a real crime in Miami. Increased amount of information recalled.
18 of 20
Geiselman
children under six reported incident less accurately in response to the cognitive interview.
19 of 20
Officers (cognitive interview)
Claimed wittnesses were recalling incorrect info, however were not using RO and CP.
20 of 20
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Peterson + Peterson
Back
Nonsense trigram followed by three numbers (WRT, 303). After hearing trigram, Pps count backwards to prevent encoding. Duration of STM - 3-18 seconds.
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