psychology

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  • Created by: alexandra
  • Created on: 28-04-13 20:56
Definitions of Abnormality
1) Failure to function adequately 2) Deviation from social norms 3)Deviations from ideal mental health
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Failure to function adequately
Being unable to cope with the demands in everyday life.
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Deviation from social norms
showing behavior that society deems inappropriate or abnormal.
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Deviation from ideal mental health
lacking the Jahada's 6 criteria: Positive self-attitudes, Reality (accurate perception of), Autonomy, Integration, Self-actualization, Environmental mastery (P,R,A,I,S,E)
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POSITIVE SELF-ATTITUDES
feeling good about yourself
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REALITY accurate perception
seeing things in realistic terms
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AUTONOMY
being interdependent
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INTEGRATION
coping well with stress
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SELF-ACTUALISATION
reaching your potential
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ENVIRONMENTAL MASTERY
adapting well to change
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Behavioral approach to abnormality
It believes all behavior is learnt thus abnormality's through Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Social Learning Theory (SLT)
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
learning through assosiation
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OPERANT CONDITIONING
learning through consequences
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SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
learning through observation. MODELLING- when an individual copes another behavior (role model) VICARIOUS REINFORCEMENT- when an individual observes someone getting a positive response from their behavior so then cope it
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Watson and Rayner (1920)
(CC) The paired a loud noise a white rat so every time a white rat came close to a young boy called Little Albert the noise went of and the boy eventually became scared of the rat because he learnt to associate the rat with the loud noise.
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MINEKA (1984)
(SLT) monkeys developed a snake phobia simply by observing another monkey experience fear in the presents of one.
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Psychodynamic approach to abnormality
-Adult personality and thus abnormalities are a result of childhood experiences - They are largely determined by the age of 5 -behavior is driven by unconscious motives -abnormalities are caused by unconscious conflicts
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The structure of personality (Freud: 3 components)
-The id -The superego -The ego
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The id
this works on the pleasure principal. Its only concerned with gratification of physical needs
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the superego
this is the moral part of the personality. It results from the internalization of values of parents and society
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the ego
It operates according to the 'reality principal' this tries to balance the demands of the other two components
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Defense Mechanisms
-Repression -Displacement -Reaction Formation (the unconscious feelings are converted to opposite behavior) - projection
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Cognitive approach to abnormality
It says that abnormal people suffer from distorted or irrational thinking and this goes on to cause fault feelings and behavior
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Gustafson (1992)
found that maladaptive thinking were displayed in people who suffer psychological behavior
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
COGNITIVE ELEMENT and BEHAVIORAL ELEMENT
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COGNITIVE ELEMENT
(1) Identification (Therapist helps identify particular negative thoughts) (2) Reflective diary (client keeps a diary of their thoughts and anxiety's (3) Reality testing (draws attention to their positive experiences)
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BEHAVIORAL ELEMENT
(1) Goal Setting (2) Skills training
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evaluation of (CBT)
TEARS -Time (it takes time) -Effeteness (works well with lots of things) -Acceptability (your in control) -Relapse (could come back) - Side effects (none)
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Biological Approach
-Neuroanatomy (brain damage) -Infection -Biochemistry -Genes
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flight or fight
when you sweet or heart beats faster or pupils dilate
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Physiological stress response
-Two main bodily responses to stress -both involve the adrenal gland -SAM (fast acting) -HPA (slow acting)
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SAM
the STRESSOR triggers the HYPOTHALAMUS this excites the ADRENAL MEDULLA which releases the ADRENALINE AND NORADRENALINE
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HPA
the STRESSOR triggers the HYPOTHALAMUS this stimulates the PITUITARY GLAND which releases ACTH this travels travels to the ADRENAL CORTEX to release CORTISOL
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Reasons why people obey
Legitimate authority, Gradual commitment, Agentic Mode, The presence of buffers
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Legitimate Authority
When we feel someone is an authority figure so we obey what they say
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Gradual Commitment
It can be made easier for people to obey if they start of by agreeing to a small request, which gradually becomes a bigger commitment
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Agentic Mode
autonomous mode:This is where the individual feels responsible for their actions agentic mode: This is where the individual passes the responsibility of their actions onto someone else
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The Presence Of Buffers
Anything that stops the individual from seeing the consequent's of their actions
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Locus of control
how people resist pressures to conform and resist pressures to obey authority
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External locus of control
they believe powerful others, fate or chance determine events
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Internal locus of control
they believe they have control over their situations and sometimes feel they are able to influence others
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Failure to function adequately

Back

Being unable to cope with the demands in everyday life.

Card 3

Front

Deviation from social norms

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Deviation from ideal mental health

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

POSITIVE SELF-ATTITUDES

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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