Psychology

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What is encoding?
It is taking the information through our traces.
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What is storage?
Put the information that we have encoded to use again.
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What is retrieval?
Finding the information we encoded in our storage to use again in another situation.
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What is Iconic Memory?
Seeing
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What is Echoic Memory?
Hearing
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What is Haptic Memory?
Touch
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Capacity+Duration of sensory memory?
Capacity-very small amount Duration- 2/3 seconds easily interfered
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Capacity+Duration of STM?
Capacity-magic number 7+/-2 Duration- 18 seconds
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Capacity+Duration of LTM?
Capacity-unlimited Duration-few seconds to lifetime
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MSM study?
Peterson and Peterson
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Practical applications in MSM+STM?
Chunking method to remember car reg
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What is structural processing?
Thinking about the physical appearance of words (shallow)
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What is Phonetic processing?
Thinking about the sound of words (middle)
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What is semantic processing?
Thinking about the meaning of words (deep)
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What is the levels of processing?
Depth at which information is thought about when trying to learn it
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Memory study?
Craig and Lockhart
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What is a Schema or Schemata?
Ideas and scripts about the world we use these to fill in gaps in our experiences or perceptions
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Reconstructive memory study?
Bartlets
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EWT study?
Bruce and Young/ Loftus and Palmer
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What is weapon focus?
Focus on the weapon instead of person
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What is state dependency?
Using the internal cues within individual to remember
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What is context Dependency?
Using the environment you are in to recall information
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What is proactive interference?
This is when old information interferes with new information
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What is Retroactive interference?
This is when new information interferes with old information
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What is EWT?
Refers to an account given by people of an event they have witnessed
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What is a leading question?
A question that prompts for the wanted answer
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What is Anterograde Amnesia?
People can not learn new information after their brain injury
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What is Retrograde Amnesia?
People forget information or memories from before the injury
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Interference study?
Godden+Baddeley
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PA of MSM?
Remembering postcodes, car registrations, phone numbers
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PA of STM?
Memory has a capacity of 7 pieces of information +/-2
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PA of LOP?
The deeper level of processing ie semantic processing will result in a deeper memory trace.So the best revision technique is the one that makes you think about the meaning
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PA of RMM?
Why memories differ about the same event, that when people use their schemas to rebuild memories so there will be differences between them
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PA of EWT?
Loftus and Palmer:Leading questions and how they effect memory
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What is Verbal communication?
Conveying messages using words or vocal sounds
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What is non verbal communication?
Conveying messages that do not require the use of words of vocal sounds
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What is rate speed?
Use a faster rate they may seem more competent
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What is pitch?
Highness or lowness of voice
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What is volume?
How loudly we speak
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What is vocal fillers?
Words used to fill space 'uh'
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What is quality?
Voice small feminine or trembling represent different combinations of rate,pitch,volume
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What is emphasis?
Which word you emphasis in sentence can affect the meaning
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Paralinguistics study?
Argyle et al
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Boys like personal space where?
Back and front
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Girls like personal space where?
Sides
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What is postural echo?
Mirror someone elses posture when deep in conversation
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Posture?
The way you hold yourself makes a big contribution to your body language as a whole and often shows your level of self confidence
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Open posture shows?
Self confidence, Relaxed non defensive,Aggression
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Closed posture shows?
Lack of self confidence, Nervousness
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Posture study?
Mcginley
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What is Personality?
Is the thoughts,feelings and behaviour that makes an individual unique.It comes from within the individual and remains reasonably constant.Our personalty is what makes and defines us as a person
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What is Temperament?
Is the genetic component of personality.It refers to air inborn personality traits. Temperament is present from early childhood; is determined by inborn mechanism; and can adapt due to maturation and due to life experiences that go through
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What is extroverted?
Outgoing,confident, Humor, lively ,sociable
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What is introvert?
Shy,insecure,not very approachable,like familiar surroundings
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What measures extroversion,introversion,neuroticism,stability
EPI- Esyneck Personality Inventory
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What is APD?
Anti personality disorder may commit anti social acts or behave in an anti social behaviour
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Biological causes of APD?
Particularly interested in brain abnormalities specifically the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex areas of the brain.
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What controls emotions?
Amygdala
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What does the prefrontal cortex control?
Higher order thinking
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What is Stereotyping?
involves having a belief about a certain group of individuals and assuming that every member of that group is the same
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What is Prejudice?
An attitude which makes us thinking a favorable or unfavorable way towards a specific group. It can be positive or negative though usually associated with negative feelings
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What is discrimination?
Is when we act upon these thoughts or feelings
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What is positive discrimination?
Often used as a 'tool' to re balance discrimination eg. setting racial quotes in workplace.
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What is Affective element?
Involves the feelings experienced response to the group. If we are prejudice against a group we may experience anger.
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What is Behavioral element?
Consists of our actions towards the object of the prejudice. behaving differently towards people based on their membership of a group is called discrimination.
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What is cognitive element?
involves the beliefs held about a group. This beliefs will be in the form of stereotypes,
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What is Optimal inter group contact?
when people from different groups have positive contact with each other, This reduces prejudice because your stereotypes are adjusted and you see the negative behaviors displayed by some members of that group as not being the norm
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is storage?

Back

Put the information that we have encoded to use again.

Card 3

Front

What is retrieval?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is Iconic Memory?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is Echoic Memory?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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