psychology year 1

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what are the 4 definitions of abnormality?
statistical infrequency
deviation from social norms
failure to function adequately
deviation from ideal mental heath
1 of 19
what is statistical infrequency?
occurs when an individual has less common characteristics

for example, being more depressed/less intelligent than most of the population
2 of 19
what is deviation from social norms?
concerns behaviour that is different from the accepted standards of behaviour in a community or society

for example, homosexuality is illegal in some cultures
3 of 19
what is failure to function adequately?
occurs when someone is unable to cope with ordinary demands of day to day living

for example, when a person experiences severe person distress
4 of 19
what is deviation from ideal mental health?
occurs when someone doesn't meet a set of criteria for a good mental health
5 of 19
who proposed what good mental health looks like?
Jahoda
6 of 19
what is a phobia?
an irrational fear of an object or situation
7 of 19
what are the behavioural characteristics of phobias?
panic
-range of behaviours including crying, screaming, running away

avoidance
-making a lot of effort to avoid the phobia

endurance
-someone has a fear of flying but cannot escape it once there flying
8 of 19
what are emotional characteristics of phobias?
anxiety
-unpleasant state of high arousal

emotional responses are unreasonable
9 of 19
what are the cognitive characteristics of phobias?
selective attention to the phobic stimulus
-hard to turn away from a phobic stimulus

irrational beliefs
-increases pressure for the sufferer to perform well

cognitive distortions
10 of 19
what is depression?
a mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels
11 of 19
what are the behavioural characteristics of depression?
activity levels
-depression causes people to not want to do anything that seems productive

disruption to sleep and eating behaviour
-sufferers may experience insomnia
-appetite may increase or decrease

aggression and self harm
12 of 19
what are the cognitive characteristics of depression?
poor concentration
-may find it hard to stick with tasks and think straight

attending to and dwelling on the negative
-think more negatively on the situation and ignore all positives

absolutist thinking
-black and white thinking
-see a disaster
13 of 19
what are the emotional characteristics of depression?
lowered mood
-may struggle to uplift themselves and always feel negative

anger
-being aggressive and may lead to physical harm

lowered self esteem
-like themselves les than usual
-see themselves as a person in a very negative way
14 of 19
what does OCD stand for?
obsessive compulsive disorder
15 of 19
what is OCD?
OCD is a condition characterised by obsessions and/or compulsive behaviour
16 of 19
what are the behavioural characteristics of OCD?
compulsions
-they are repetitive
-they reduce anxiety

avoidance
-keeping away from the stimulus that triggers
17 of 19
what are the emotional characteristics of OCD?
anxiety and distress
-unpleasant emotional experience because of a powerful anxiety

accompanying depression
-can be accompanied by a low mood and lack of enjoyment in activities

guilt and disgust
-negative emotions
-irrational guilt over small things
18 of 19
what are the cognitive characteristics of OCD?
obsessive thoughts
-90% suffer with recurring thoughts

insight to excessive anxiety
-sufferers experience catastrophic thoughts about the worst case scenario
19 of 19

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is statistical infrequency?

Back

occurs when an individual has less common characteristics

for example, being more depressed/less intelligent than most of the population

Card 3

Front

what is deviation from social norms?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is failure to function adequately?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is deviation from ideal mental health?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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