psychology year 1
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- Created by: charlieskelton
- Created on: 19-04-21 20:43
short term memory
the limited capacity memory store.
coding is acoustically (sounds).
capacity is between 7+-2
duration is between 18-30 seconds
coding is acoustically (sounds).
capacity is between 7+-2
duration is between 18-30 seconds
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long term memory
permanent memory store
coding is semantic (meaning)
unlimited capacity
can store memories for up to a lifetime
coding is semantic (meaning)
unlimited capacity
can store memories for up to a lifetime
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what is the multi store model?
-a representation of how the memory works
-sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory
-describes how information is transferred from one store to another
-sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory
-describes how information is transferred from one store to another
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what is the sensory register?
-stores for each of our 5 senses
-iconic store and echoic store
-coding in IS is visual
-coding in ES is acoustic
-the capacity of SR is huge
-information lasts for a short time, less than half a second
-iconic store and echoic store
-coding in IS is visual
-coding in ES is acoustic
-the capacity of SR is huge
-information lasts for a short time, less than half a second
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types of long term memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
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what is episodic memory?
-long term memory store for personal events
-includes memories of when events occurred and of people, objects, places and behaviour.
-have to be retrieved with consciously and with effort
-includes memories of when events occurred and of people, objects, places and behaviour.
-have to be retrieved with consciously and with effort
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what is semantic memory?
-long term store for our knowledge of the world
-includes facts and knowledge of what words and concepts mean
-memories need to be called deliberately
-includes facts and knowledge of what words and concepts mean
-memories need to be called deliberately
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what is the procedural memory?
-long term store for our knowledge on how to do things
-includes our memory of learned skills
-recall memories without making much effort
-includes our memory of learned skills
-recall memories without making much effort
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what is the working memory model?
-representation of the short term memory
-suggests that the STM is a dynamic processor of different types of information
-suggests that the STM is a dynamic processor of different types of information
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stages in the working memory model
central executive
phonological loop
visuo-spatial sketchpad
episodic buffer
phonological loop
visuo-spatial sketchpad
episodic buffer
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what is the central executive?
-the boss of the WMM
-co-ordinates the activity in 3 subsystems
-very limited processing capacity
-co-ordinates the activity in 3 subsystems
-very limited processing capacity
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what is the phonological loop?
-processes information in terms of sound
-split into 2 groups
-phonological store (stores the words you hear)
-articulatory control system (allows maintenance rehearsal)
-split into 2 groups
-phonological store (stores the words you hear)
-articulatory control system (allows maintenance rehearsal)
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what is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
-processes visual and spatial information in a mental space often called our 'inner eye'
subdivided into:
visual cache, which stores visual data.
inner scribe, which records arrangements of objects in a visual field.
subdivided into:
visual cache, which stores visual data.
inner scribe, which records arrangements of objects in a visual field.
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what is the episodic buffer?
-brings together material from the other subsystems into a single memory rather than smaller ones.
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interference
-forgetting because one memory blocks another causing one or both memories to be distorted or forgotten.
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proactive interference
-forgetting which occurs when older memories already stored disrupt the recall of newer memories.
-forgetting is greater when the memories are similar
example-teacher struggles to remember names for their current class
-forgetting is greater when the memories are similar
example-teacher struggles to remember names for their current class
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retroactive interference
-forgetting which occurs when newer memories disrupt the recall of older memories already stored.
-forgetting is greater when memories are similar
example-a teacher struggles to remember her students from later years
-forgetting is greater when memories are similar
example-a teacher struggles to remember her students from later years
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retrieval failure
-form of forgetting
-occurs when we don't have cues to access the memory
-memory is available but is not accessible unless a suitable cue is provided
-occurs when we don't have cues to access the memory
-memory is available but is not accessible unless a suitable cue is provided
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what is a eyewitness testimony?
-ability of people to remember details of events of which they have observed
-eg. an accident, crimes
-accuracy can be affected by misleading info, leading questions and anxiety
-eg. an accident, crimes
-accuracy can be affected by misleading info, leading questions and anxiety
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what is cognitive interview?
-a method of interviewing eyewitnesses to help them retrieve more accurate information.
-has 4 techniques to remember
-has 4 techniques to remember
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4 main techniques used in cognitive interview
1. report everything
2. reinstate the context
3. reverse the order
4. change perspective
2. reinstate the context
3. reverse the order
4. change perspective
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what did Baddeley do into the research of coding?
-gave different lists of words and split them into 4 groups
1)acoustically similar
2) acoustically dissimilar
3)semantically similar
4)semantically dissimilar
1)acoustically similar
2) acoustically dissimilar
3)semantically similar
4)semantically dissimilar
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what did Jacobs do into the research into capacity?
digit span
-participants are given 4 digits and they have to remember the order given
-if the order is correct, the researcher will add another digit until the participant cannot recall the order
-participants are given 4 digits and they have to remember the order given
-if the order is correct, the researcher will add another digit until the participant cannot recall the order
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what did Miller do into the research on capacity?
chunking
-he noted that things come in 7 eg. days of the week
-noted that people can group words and digits together
-he came up with the idea that the STM can hold 7+-2
-he noted that things come in 7 eg. days of the week
-noted that people can group words and digits together
-he came up with the idea that the STM can hold 7+-2
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what did Peterson and Peterson do into the research of duration?
-students were given a consonant syllable
-then they were given a 3 digit number
-it was found the STM can only keep things held for 18-30 seconds
-then they were given a 3 digit number
-it was found the STM can only keep things held for 18-30 seconds
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what did Baddeley do to the working memory model?
added the episodic buffer in 2000
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
long term memory
Back
permanent memory store
coding is semantic (meaning)
unlimited capacity
can store memories for up to a lifetime
coding is semantic (meaning)
unlimited capacity
can store memories for up to a lifetime
Card 3
Front
what is the multi store model?
Back
Card 4
Front
what is the sensory register?
Back
Card 5
Front
types of long term memory
Back
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