psychology year 1

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short term memory
the limited capacity memory store.
coding is acoustically (sounds).
capacity is between 7+-2
duration is between 18-30 seconds
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long term memory
permanent memory store
coding is semantic (meaning)
unlimited capacity
can store memories for up to a lifetime
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what is the multi store model?
-a representation of how the memory works
-sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory
-describes how information is transferred from one store to another
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what is the sensory register?
-stores for each of our 5 senses
-iconic store and echoic store
-coding in IS is visual
-coding in ES is acoustic
-the capacity of SR is huge
-information lasts for a short time, less than half a second
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types of long term memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
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what is episodic memory?
-long term memory store for personal events
-includes memories of when events occurred and of people, objects, places and behaviour.
-have to be retrieved with consciously and with effort
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what is semantic memory?
-long term store for our knowledge of the world
-includes facts and knowledge of what words and concepts mean
-memories need to be called deliberately
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what is the procedural memory?
-long term store for our knowledge on how to do things
-includes our memory of learned skills
-recall memories without making much effort
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what is the working memory model?
-representation of the short term memory
-suggests that the STM is a dynamic processor of different types of information
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stages in the working memory model
central executive
phonological loop
visuo-spatial sketchpad
episodic buffer
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what is the central executive?
-the boss of the WMM
-co-ordinates the activity in 3 subsystems
-very limited processing capacity
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what is the phonological loop?
-processes information in terms of sound
-split into 2 groups
-phonological store (stores the words you hear)
-articulatory control system (allows maintenance rehearsal)
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what is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
-processes visual and spatial information in a mental space often called our 'inner eye'

subdivided into:
visual cache, which stores visual data.
inner scribe, which records arrangements of objects in a visual field.
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what is the episodic buffer?
-brings together material from the other subsystems into a single memory rather than smaller ones.
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interference
-forgetting because one memory blocks another causing one or both memories to be distorted or forgotten.
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proactive interference
-forgetting which occurs when older memories already stored disrupt the recall of newer memories.
-forgetting is greater when the memories are similar

example-teacher struggles to remember names for their current class
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retroactive interference
-forgetting which occurs when newer memories disrupt the recall of older memories already stored.
-forgetting is greater when memories are similar

example-a teacher struggles to remember her students from later years
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retrieval failure
-form of forgetting
-occurs when we don't have cues to access the memory
-memory is available but is not accessible unless a suitable cue is provided
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what is a eyewitness testimony?
-ability of people to remember details of events of which they have observed
-eg. an accident, crimes
-accuracy can be affected by misleading info, leading questions and anxiety
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what is cognitive interview?
-a method of interviewing eyewitnesses to help them retrieve more accurate information.
-has 4 techniques to remember
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4 main techniques used in cognitive interview
1. report everything
2. reinstate the context
3. reverse the order
4. change perspective
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what did Baddeley do into the research of coding?
-gave different lists of words and split them into 4 groups
1)acoustically similar
2) acoustically dissimilar
3)semantically similar
4)semantically dissimilar
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what did Jacobs do into the research into capacity?
digit span

-participants are given 4 digits and they have to remember the order given
-if the order is correct, the researcher will add another digit until the participant cannot recall the order
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what did Miller do into the research on capacity?
chunking

-he noted that things come in 7 eg. days of the week
-noted that people can group words and digits together
-he came up with the idea that the STM can hold 7+-2
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what did Peterson and Peterson do into the research of duration?
-students were given a consonant syllable
-then they were given a 3 digit number
-it was found the STM can only keep things held for 18-30 seconds
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what did Baddeley do to the working memory model?
added the episodic buffer in 2000
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

long term memory

Back

permanent memory store
coding is semantic (meaning)
unlimited capacity
can store memories for up to a lifetime

Card 3

Front

what is the multi store model?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is the sensory register?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

types of long term memory

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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