Psychology Unit 2 Key concepts

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The physical process of collecting data from the environment via the senses.
Sensation
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The cognitive process of interpreting data once it has been sensed.
Perception
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The effect of misinterpreting data, which proves sensation and perception are different.
Illusion
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An illusion where one line is distorted.
Geometric illusion
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An example of an geometric illusion.
Ponzo illusion
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A illusion in which a picture that can be seen in more than one way.
Ambiguous figures
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An example of an ambiguous figures illusion.
Necker cube
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An illusion that makes us see something when it is not actually there.
Fictions
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An example of a fiction illusion.
Kaniza triangle
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The ability to percieve the shape of an object as constant even though it appears to change through movement.
Shape constancy
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The ability to percieve the colour of an object as constant even if it appears to change with changes in lighting.
Colour Constancy
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The ability of our eyes and brain to add a third dimension to everything we see.
Depth perception
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A depth cue where lines converge at a distant point.
Linear perspective
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A depth cue where if an image is higher than the horizontal half way line, it will appear further away.
Height in plane
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A depth cue where objects that are larger appear closer to us.
Relative size
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A depth cue where if the image of one object blocks off another, that object must be closer to us.
Superimposition
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A depth cue where the texture of objects near to us can be seen but further in the distance the texture is less detailed.
Texture gradient
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A one off, which is not repeated; an individual.
Unique
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The ability to make your own decisions, uninfluenced by other factors.
Free will
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A relatively stable and enduring tendancy to behave in a particular way.
Trait
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Age related changes, for example, how children think and behave differnetly as they get older.
Cognitive development
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The same stages, in a fixed order, that the development of a child's ability to think goes through.
Invarient stages
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The pattern or order of the development of thinking that is the sme for all children everywhere.
Universal stages
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When a child understands more than one feature of a situation or object, for example, they can categorise by size and colour.
De-centring
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Telling others what we are thinking feeling or planning by some recognised body movement. It can be conscious or unconscious.
Non-verbal communication
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Communicating something physically through our body, for example, our body mopvement, gestures, touching or keeping a distance.
Body language
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Body signals that send a visual message to people.
Gesture
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The stance we adopt which communicates feelings about ourselves or others.
Posture
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Communicating something through the movement of muscles in our face, for example, by moving eyebrows, lips or eyes.
Facial expressions
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A problem defining crime due to some arguing that you have to intend to commit a crime and actually damage another person or their property.
Intent
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A problem defining crime due to the fact that crime constantly changes over time.
Time
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A problem defining crime due to crimes being illegal in some places but not others.
Culture
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A problem measuring crime due to the fact that criminal acts are counted, not the criminals.
Statistics
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A problem measuring crime due to some people not realising they are a victim so not reporting the crime.
Knowledge
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The victims not reporting the crime as they may be embarrassed and...
don't want to report the crime
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A collection of traits that make a person different from 'normal' law abiding people and therefore more likely to commit a crime. Examples are impulsiveness, lacking in guilt, pleasure-seeking, over-optimism and self-importance.
Criminal personality
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A characteristic of criminal personality.
impulsiveness
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A characteristic of criminal personality.
Lacking in guilt
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A characteristic of criminal personality.
Pleasure-seeking
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A characteristic of criminal personality.
Over-optimism
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A characteristic of criminal personality.
Self-importance
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The cognitive process of interpreting data once it has been sensed.

Back

Perception

Card 3

Front

The effect of misinterpreting data, which proves sensation and perception are different.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

An illusion where one line is distorted.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

An example of an geometric illusion.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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