Psychology - studies and experiments - social influence

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  • Created by: AlMaSin
  • Created on: 06-03-18 12:55
MILGRAM '63
Shock study // ppt always 'teacher' administering shocks // 15-450V // researcher administers 'prods' when ppt differs // ALL went to 300V // 65% went 450V // SITUATIONAL EXPLANATION
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MILGRAM '63 SITUATIONAL VARIABLES
Proximity - force hand onto shock plate + same room = 30% and 40% // Location - run down office block = 48% // Uniform - false ppt replaces researcher = 20% // over the phone = 20.5%
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MOSCOVICI ET AL '69
slide colour conformity // 36 blue slides // 4 ppts each cond // cond 1 = 2 cfds called all green = 8.42% // cond 2 = 2 cfds called 24 green = 1.25% // consistency is key for small influence of minority
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ADORNO ET AL '50 - AUTHORITARIAN PERSONALITY SUPPORT
F-Scale // 200 Americans // correlation between authoritarianism and prejudice // authoritarianists are highly obedient
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ZIMBARDO '73
Stanford prison experiment // prisoners dehumanised and de-individuated // guards de-individuated // planned to last 14 days // all conformed // behaviour became a threat so stopped after 6 days // social roles over-rided moral codes
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BICKMAN - LEGITIMACY OF AUTHORITY SUPPORT
field experiment // asked passers by to complete tasks // security uniform = 92% // ordinary clothes = 58%
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ZILLMER ET AL - EXPLANATIONS OF OBEDIANCE EVAL
16 Nazi criminals scored highly on F-scale
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MIDDENDORP ET MELOEN - EXPLANATIONS OF OBEDIANCE EVAL
less educated people are more authoritarian
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BANUAZIZI ET MOVAHEDI - ZIMBARDO EVAL
gave students ZIMBARDOS SPE procedure who then guessed the aim
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NEMETH - MOSCOVICI/MINORITY INFLUENCE EVAL
in a study regarding compensation arguments, a consistent minority had no effect but a flexible and consistent minority gained best results
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MASS ET AL - MOSCOVICI/MINORITY INFLUENCE EVAL
heterosexual majorities are more likely to be persuaded about LGBTQ+ rights by a heterosexual minority as they identify with them
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OLINER ET OLINER - LOCUS OF CONTROL EVAL
those who resisted Nazi orders tended to have a high internal locus of control
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SPECTOR - LOCUS OF CONTROL EVAL
those with a high internal locus of control are less likely to conform
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ELMS ET MILGRAM - EXPLANATIONS OF OBEDIANCE + LOCUS OF CONTROL EVAL
interviewed MILGRAMS ppts and found those who disobeyed had a high internal locus of control and scored high on a social responsibility scale
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ALLEN ET LEVINE - SOCIAL SUPPORT EVAL
found that even if the dissenter in ASCHS study had bad eye sight, conformity still dropped
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LUCAS ET AL EVAL
92% resistance on easy maths and 29% resistance on hard maths
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ORNE ET HOLLAND - MILGRAM EVAL
MILGRAM was simply due to demand characteristics
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LA JEU DE LA MORT - MILGRAM EVAL
French game showed 80% obedience in a MILGRAM style study where ppts went to max. 460V on a falsely unconscious man
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HOFLING ET AL - MILGRAM EVAL
95% of nurses obeyed an order to administer a potentially lethal dose // only 11% when they could confer with other nurses
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NOLAN ET AL - SOCIAL CHANGE EVAL
found NSI increased conformity when energy saving flyers claimed 'others do'
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NEMETH - SOCIAL CHANGE EVAL
claimed minority influence is delayed and indirect and only provides the potential for change not the actual change itself
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BAUMRIND - MILGRAM EVAL
argued MILGRAM wasn't generalisable as it took place in Yale uni
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ASCH '51
Line experiment // 123 male Americans // 6 cfds + 1 ppt // answer out loud // unambiguous // 12/18 critical trials // 37% conformity // debrief found conformity due to NSI
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ASCH '51 SITUATIONAL VARIABLES
Task difficulty - lines more similar in length = conformity increases as confidence drops // Group size - 1:1 = 3% - 1:2 (ppt:cfd) = 13% - 1:3 = 32 % - no further increase // Unanimity - introduced a dissenter from cfds = 5.5% (wrong anwr) 9% (right)
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SHERIF - ISI SUPPORT
autokinetic effect // ppts looked to others for guidance in an ambiguous situation // estimates changed to match those of the groups // held the desire to be right
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ASCH - NSI SUPPORT
line experiment // 37% conformity in an unambiguous situation // debrief showed they did it to avoid rejection // fell to 12.5% when answers anonymous
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ASCH - ISI EVAL
he replicated his study with students and found them to be less conformist
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PERRIN ET SPENCER '80S - ISI + ASCH + SOCIAL SUPPORT EVAL
engineering students are less conformist (1/396) in ASCH'S study as they're more confident in their ability to judge lines
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Proximity - force hand onto shock plate + same room = 30% and 40% // Location - run down office block = 48% // Uniform - false ppt replaces researcher = 20% // over the phone = 20.5%

Back

MILGRAM '63 SITUATIONAL VARIABLES

Card 3

Front

slide colour conformity // 36 blue slides // 4 ppts each cond // cond 1 = 2 cfds called all green = 8.42% // cond 2 = 2 cfds called 24 green = 1.25% // consistency is key for small influence of minority

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

F-Scale // 200 Americans // correlation between authoritarianism and prejudice // authoritarianists are highly obedient

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Stanford prison experiment // prisoners dehumanised and de-individuated // guards de-individuated // planned to last 14 days // all conformed // behaviour became a threat so stopped after 6 days // social roles over-rided moral codes

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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