Social influence & research methods

?
  • Created by: ikrolivia
  • Created on: 15-09-15 20:35
Define 'conformity'
A change in a person's behaviour as a result of group pressure
1 of 45
What's the 'autokinetic effect'?
an optical illusion, in which a spot of light on a screen appears to move, when in actual fact it doesn't.
2 of 45
Define 'social influence'
the effect other people have on our behaviour
3 of 45
Define the term 'obedience'
Following the orders of someone we believe to have authority
4 of 45
What is meant by 'buffer'?
something that creates distance between the teacher & learner
5 of 45
What is 'socialisation'?
The way we are raised to behave and the things we are taught to accept as normal
6 of 45
Define 'deindividuation'
the state of losing our sense of individuality & becoming less aware of our own responsibility for our actions
7 of 45
What does 'anonymous' mean?
Being able to keep our identity hidden.
8 of 45
What is meant by 'mundane realism'?
an everyday situation, that is lifelike and not artificial.
9 of 45
What's CCTV?
a TV system often used for surveillance
10 of 45
Define the term 'social loafing'
Putting less effort into doing something when you are with others doing the same thing
11 of 45
What is culture?
a group of people (usually living in 1 place) who share similar customs, beliefs & behaviour.
12 of 45
Diffusion of responsibility
In a group of people there's less need for the person to act because someone else who is present could also do something
13 of 45
Define 'bystander apathy'
doing nothing in an emergency when someone's in need of help
14 of 45
Empathy
being able to put yourself in someone else's position psychologically and understand how that person is feeling.
15 of 45
Altruism
Helping someone without thinking of yourself, sometimes at great cost
16 of 45
What is a practical implication?
Suggestions about behaviour in the real world beyond the research study, based upon what psychologists have discovered.
17 of 45
Case study: Kitty Genovese
In 1964, Kitty Genovese was attacked in NYC. She was yards away from her home & the attack continued for over 30 mins before she was killed. Only afterwards did someone call 911. Anyone could've stopped the murder bc police came in 4 mins, no one did
18 of 45
Sherif (1935) SUMMARY
Aim- discover effect on judgement of listening to others / Method- pps estimate how far spot of light moved in dark room w autokinetic effect / Results- variety of estimates, became very similar in 3s / Conc- used others opinions to help form judge
19 of 45
Asch (1951) SUMMARY
influenced by previous opinions / sets of 4 lines / tested alone = rarely a mistake / pps also gave estimates as group / 32% trials pps also gave wrong answers / 32% error rate is due to hearing incorrect previous answers
20 of 45
Milgram (1963) SUMMARY
Obey unreasonable order / 40 males / memory & learning / electric shock to learner for each wrong answer / shocks not real & learner was an actor / pp sat at shock generator / 15-450v / heard yelling / all gave 300v / 65% 450v / position of authority
21 of 45
Bickman (1974) SUMMARY
More likely to obey an order from someone in uniform / actor dressed as guard & in casual jacket / pick up litter / 80% obeyed guard / 40% casual / wearing uniform increases sense that someone's an authority figure
22 of 45
Zimbardo (1969) [car] SUMMARY
big city = more antisocial than small town / parked car w bonnet up & observed / in NYC people immediately stole parts / in Palo Alto only time was someone lowered it to stop getting wet / deindividuation caused by big city living increase antisocial
23 of 45
Latane et al. (1979) SUMMARY
see if being in group affects effort / 84 pps shout & clap as loud as they could when alone or groups of 6 / each pp wore headphones / bigger group = less noise / less effort when know others are contributing
24 of 45
Latane and Darley (1968) SUMMARY
less likely to react in emergency when others present / pps sit in room alone or in 3s / questionnaire / smoke poured into room / 75% sitting alone told someone in 6 mins / 38% in 3s / if others are around, you're less likely to react in emergencies
25 of 45
Piliavin (1972) SUMMARY
to see if appearance influences helping behaviour / actor pretended to collapse in train / appearance altered / amount of help was recorded / walking stick = 90% time / facial scar = 60% / drunk = 20% / appearance affects if & when they get help.
26 of 45
Define 'hypothesis'
a testable statement about the relationship between 2 variables
27 of 45
What is the independent groups method?
Pps are split into 2 groups. One group takes part in one condition & the other group takes part in the other.
28 of 45
What is meant by 'repeated measures'?
Pps do both conditions of experiment
29 of 45
What is meant by 'matched pairs'?
pps are tested before taking part & are matched for qualities into pairs
30 of 45
what is counterbalancing?
a procedure for evening out the order in which pps do both conditions of experiment
31 of 45
what's random allocation?
putting pps into conditions by chance
32 of 45
What is meant by 'randomisation'?
Using chance to produce an order for a procedure
33 of 45
Opportunity sampling
Choosing people who are members of target population & are willing to take part
34 of 45
Random sample
Every member of target population has equal chance of being chosen
35 of 45
Stratified sample
Different subgroups in target population are identified; then people are randomly selected from these subgroups in proportion to their numbers in target population
36 of 45
Systematic sample
Choosing every 'nth' member of target population
37 of 45
How do you calculate the 'mean'?
Add together all values & then divide by total number of values in set
38 of 45
What's the 'mode'?
Most frequently occurring value in a set of scores
39 of 45
How do you find the 'median'?
Arrange all values in order (lowest to highest) then find middle value
40 of 45
Calculating the range
Difference between lowest & highest value
41 of 45
What's an 'anomalous result'?
an extremely high or low result that doesn't match other results
42 of 45
Watson and Rayner (1920) SUMMARY
fear response conditioned / Albert 11 months old / lab rat / no fear of any white furry stuff / rat shown to him / metal bar hit very hard w hammer 7 times / rat shown again / he screamed / bar not hit, no noise / santa mask / fear responses learnt
43 of 45
Practical implications into deindividuation:
When people wear uniforms in workplace, they don't behave like individuals, but as members of a business or firm. 1 reason why children must wear school uniforms- makes it harder to act independently, so easier to be controlled by set of rules
44 of 45
Implications of research into bystander intervention
People do nothing. Research has shown that people who see a small boy being dragged in streets, crying for his mum are unlikely to intervene. Diffusion of responsibility stop people from getting involved.
45 of 45

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What's the 'autokinetic effect'?

Back

an optical illusion, in which a spot of light on a screen appears to move, when in actual fact it doesn't.

Card 3

Front

Define 'social influence'

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Define the term 'obedience'

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is meant by 'buffer'?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Social influence, obedience and conformity resources »