Same social role effect found in Abu Ghraib military prison - misuse of power.
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What evidence challenges Zimbardo's Study?
Unethical - participants experienced distress; Reicher & Haslam used same set-up - less harm.
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What situational factors affect obedience according to Milgram's Study?
Proximity (teacher & learner in same room); Location; Power of uniform.
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What evidence challenges Milgram's Study?
Ethical issues; Internal validity (lack of realism); Historical validity.
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What is the agentic state?
Where an individual feels no responsibility for carrying out the actions the authority dictates (guilt-free & fear of being rude).
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What is the legitimacy of authority?
The person who is perceived to be in a position of social control.
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What evidence supports the explanations for obedience?
Legitimate authority figures seen in real-life obedience (e.g. policemen).
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What evidence challenges the explanations for obedience?
Lifton - agentic state fails to explain gradual & irreversible transition (doctors at Auschwitz).
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What is the authoritarian personality?
Dispositional explanation on why some obey under little pressure - high scores on F scale (right-wing).
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What did Elms & Milgram do & discover?
Interviewed 20 high & 20 low F-scale participants on childhood; Higher obedience among high F-scale.
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What evidence supports the authoritarian personality?
Dambrun & Vatine - informed participants shocks were fake, higher levels of RWA obeyed most.
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What evidence challenges the authoritarian personality?
Many fully obedient had good relationships with parents - authoritarianism not only cause of obedience.
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What are the explanations to resisting social influence?
Social support (helps defiant behaviour); Locus of control (internal = we can control events in our life, external = what happens is determined by external factors).
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What evidence supports the explanations to resisting social influence?
Social support = Asch's study replicated - 1st position = correct answer); Locus of control = Higher external - more easily influenced.
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What evidence challenges the explanations to resisting social influence?
Social support = valid support has more impact; Locus of control = people more external than they used to be - tendency to blame misfortunes.
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What 3 aspects does minority influence need?
Consistency; Commitment; Flexibility.
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What are the 5 stages of minority influence?
Attention to the issue; Cognitive conflict; Consistency of position; Augmentation principle (willing to suffer); Snowball effect (tipping point).
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What evidence supports minority influence?
Research shows that if confederates compromise, influences can be exerted.
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What evidence challenges minority influence?
Mackie - majority are likely to create greater message processing (people don't waste time & money with minority's message).
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Briefly describe the 2 explanations for conformity.
Back
Normative SI (gain approval & avoid censure - conformity); Informational SI (accepts info from others as evidence about reality - internalisation).
Card 3
Front
What evidence supports conformity?
Back
Card 4
Front
What evidence challenges conformity?
Back
Card 5
Front
What 3 variables affect conformity according to Asch's study?
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