Psychology revision

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Who did research on coding?
Baddeley - gave lists of semantic and acoustic words to participants and were asked to recall them in the right order. LTM - coded semantically STM - coded acoustically
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Who did research on capacity?
Jacobs-digit span asked to recall 4 digits then 5 etc.. numbers where remembered better than letters. George Miller-chunking thought everything came on 7's STM has a capacity of 7-9 items LTM has an unlimited capacity
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Who did research on duration?
Peterson and peterson-duration of STM, participants given a constant syllable and a 3 digit number and asked to count back after intervals duration-18-30secs Harry bahrick-duration of LTM photo recognition&free recall of yearbook duration-lifetime
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What is the multi store model?
A representation of how memory works in terms of three stores: sensory register, STM and LTM
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What is the sensory register?
Stores memory for each of our five senses, iconic-visual info Ethoic-sound coding is acoustic, duration-less than half a second
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What is episodic memory?
Memory store for personal events
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What is semantic memory?
Knowledge of the world, including facts
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What is procedural memory?
Our knowled
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What is the working memory model?
A representation of STM,how info is organised and how it functions
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What is the central executive?
The component that coordinates the activities of the three subsystems in memory
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What is the phonological loop?
The component that processes information in terms of sound. Phonological store-stores the words you hear Articulatory store-allows maintenance rehearsal
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What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
Processes visual info (visual cache) and spatial information, records arrangement (inner scribe)
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What is the episodic buffer?
The component that brings together material from other subsystems into a single memory
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What is interference?
Forgetting because one memory blocks another
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What is proactive interference?
When older memories block newer memories
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What is retroactive interference?
When newer memories block older memories
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What did Mcgeoch and McDonald do?
Studied retroactive interference, changed the amount of similarity between two sets of material, participants had to remember words until fully remembered. Found that interference is strongest when memories are similar.
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What is retrieval failure?
Forgetting when we don't have the necessary cues to access the memory
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Why do leading questions affect EWT?
Response-bias explanation-suggests the wording of the question in fluencies how they answer the question. Substitution explanation-The wording of the question changes the participants memory of film clip
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What is a cue?
A trigger of information that allows us to access a memory External=environmental Internal=mood
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What is the encoding specificity principle?
Tulving-If a cue helps us recall information then it has to be present when its learnt and at recall
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What is context dependant forgetting?
Godden and Baddeley- studied sea divers working underwater, divers learnt a list of words in 4 conditions, on land and underwater and then recalled. Findings-recall was better in non matching conditions
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What is state dependant forgetting?
Carter and Cassaday-gave drugs to participants which made them drowsy, participants had to learn words and then recall them in 4 conditions. There was more forgetting when you were drowsy and the cues were absent
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What is eyewitness testimony?
The ability of people to remember events, e.g. accidents and crimes
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What is misleading information?
Incorrect information given to the eyewitness after the event
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What are leading questions?
A question that is phrased to suggest a certain answer
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What is post event discussion?
When there is more than one witness Gabbert and her colleagues studied participants in pairs. They watched a video of the same crime but from different points of view. Both participants discussed what they had seen before recall. Memory conformity
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Who did research on capacity?

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Jacobs-digit span asked to recall 4 digits then 5 etc.. numbers where remembered better than letters. George Miller-chunking thought everything came on 7's STM has a capacity of 7-9 items LTM has an unlimited capacity

Card 3

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Who did research on duration?

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Card 4

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What is the multi store model?

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Card 5

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What is the sensory register?

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