Psychology - Research Methods Key Terms

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  • Created by: Gaynor
  • Created on: 18-01-20 15:59
Alternative hypothesis
A prediction that there will be a significant relationship between two variables in a correlation, or that the independent variable will affect the dependant variable in an experiment
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Anomalous result
A result that doesn’t fit with the rest of the results.
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Chi-squared test
A statistical test used with nominal data and independent samples to see if there is a difference between two or more frequencies
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Correlation
The extent to which two variables rise and fall together, or that one rises and the other falls
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Correlation coefficient
A numerical value worked out from a statistical test that shows how closely two variables are linked and the type of correlation they have
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Critical value
A value which you compare the observed value from a statistical test against. This tells you whether or not the result is significant.
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Dependant variable
The variable that you think is affected by changes in the independent variable, recorded in an experiment
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Directional hypothesis
A hypothesis that expects a difference or correlation between two groups or conditions in scores of the dependant variable, stating the direction you expect the results to go
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Experimental hypothesis
A type of alternative hypothesis used in an experiment
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Independent variable
A variable manipulated by the researcher
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Mann-Whitney test
A statistical test used to see if there is a significant difference between two or more groups of values, where different pps have taken part in different conditions
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Negative correlation
A type of correlation in which as one variable rises, the other falls
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Nominal data
Data that can be split into categories
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Non-directional hypothesis
A hypothesis that expects a correlation or difference between two groups or conditions, but it doesn’t state the direction you expect the results to go
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Null hypothesis
It claims that there will be no difference between the groups or conditions
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Observed value
The value, or test statistic, calculated by carrying out a statistical test
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Ordinal data
Numerical data which can be ranked in order
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Pearson’s r test
A statistical test used to find the strength and direction of a correlation between two variables, and whether the correlation is significant
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Postive correlation
A type of correlation in which variables rise and fall together
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Related t-test
A statistical test used to see if there’s a significant difference between two conditions in a repeated measures or matched pairs design
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Sign test
A statistical test used to see if there is a significant difference between two sets of scores. You must be able to compare the scores by splitting them into ones with a positive difference and ones with a negative difference
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Significance level
The ‘level of proof’ that you’re looking for before you accept that your results are likely to be down to chance
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Significant result
A result that is very unlikely be due to chance
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Spearman’s rho
A test statistic used to see the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables, and whether the relationship is significant
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Standard deviation
A measure of spread
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Test statistic
A number that you calculate during a statistical test, which you can use to judge whether your results are significant
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Unrelated t-test
A statistical test used to see if there is a significant difference between two conditions in an independent measures design
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Variable
A factor in an experiment that does not have a fixed value
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Wilcoxon test
A statistical test used to see if there’s a significant difference between two conditions in a repeated measures or matched pairs design
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A result that doesn’t fit with the rest of the results.

Back

Anomalous result

Card 3

Front

A statistical test used with nominal data and independent samples to see if there is a difference between two or more frequencies

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The extent to which two variables rise and fall together, or that one rises and the other falls

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A numerical value worked out from a statistical test that shows how closely two variables are linked and the type of correlation they have

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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