Psychology - Research Methods 1

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Lab Experiment
Takes place in controlled setting. The researcher then can conclude the cause and effect.
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Field Experiment
Takes place in a real life setting. The researcher still manipulates the IV to see the effect on the DV. Have less control.
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Low Ecological Validity
Does not relate well to the real world so may not be able to generalise from the results.
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High Ecological Validity
Does relate well to the real world so may be able to generalise from the results.
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Target Population
The group the researcher is interested in and wants to generalise the results to.
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Sample
Group of people from the target population who take part in the study.
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Opportunity Sampling
A technique to pick a sample by asking the first people you come across from the target population.
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Random Sampling
A technique to pick a sample by giving everyone an equal chance of being picked (all names from tp in a hat)
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Systematic Sampling
Selecting every nth person from a list of the target population
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Stratified Sampling
Picking people in proportion to the target population
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Representative Sample
A sample of people which look like the target population.
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Researcher Bias
Where the researcher knowingly or unknowingly manipulates the results of the study to prove their theory
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Demand Characterics
Participants change how they behave in a study meaning they aren't acting normal
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Independent Group Design
Participants only go in one condition
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Repeated Measures
Participants go into both conditions
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Matched Pairs
Participants are matched for their ability and then one of each pair go into each condition, so only go into one condition
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Participant Differences
Issue for IGD. One group of people may have an unfair advantage when completing their condition
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Order Effects
Issue for RMD. Participant may get practise in the first condition which gives them an unfair advantage in the 2nd condition or may get bored/tired, making them do worse in the 2nd condition.
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Counterbalancing
Half do condition A then B, and the other half do B then A.
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Random Allocation
If IGD is used, participants should be randomly allocated to one of the 2 conditions to help reduce bias.
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Randomisation
Placing words or anything in a list in a random order to try and reduce bias.
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Independent Variable
The variable the researcher is manipulating - what's being tested aka the two conditions.
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Dependent Variable
The variable the researcher is measuring - should change as a result of the IV
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Extraneous Variable
Any other variables other than the IV which may have created the results
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Standardised Instructions
A set of commands that are kept the same to all participants so all are treated in the same way to reduce bias.
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Consent
People give permission to take part in a study
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Deception
When a participant doesn't know fully what the study is on
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Brief
Participants are informed about what they need to do in the study so they can give their consent to take part
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Debrief
Participants are informed about the full aim of the study after it has finished
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Withdrawal
Participants given the chance to leave the study at any time if they feel uncomfortable
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Protection
Participants should leave the study the same way they entered it - mentally and physically
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Confidentiality
Participants not named in the write up of the study
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Mean
Average of the scores
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Anomalous Result
A result that either boosts or decreases the mean or range
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Mode
Most often seen result
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Median
The middle result after results are placed in order
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Range
Smallest result taken away from the largest result
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Percentage
Result/Overall *100
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Takes place in a real life setting. The researcher still manipulates the IV to see the effect on the DV. Have less control.

Back

Field Experiment

Card 3

Front

Does not relate well to the real world so may not be able to generalise from the results.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Does relate well to the real world so may be able to generalise from the results.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The group the researcher is interested in and wants to generalise the results to.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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Pikazu

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I just wanna sleep uwu

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