According to Beck, depression is caused by negative self-schemas maintaining a cognitive triad
Beck's Negative Triad
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View phobias as a learned behaviour
Behavioural Explanations
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Based on the assumption that if a behaviour is learned then it can also be unlearned
Behavioural Treatments
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Focus on both genetic and neural explanations of OCD
Biological Explanations
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Aim to restore chemical imbalances in the brain since this is assumed to be the main cause of the disorder (OCD)
Biological Treatments
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We learn to associate something we do not fear with something that triggers a fear response. After an association has formed it causes a response of fear and consequently we develop a phobia
Classical Conditioning
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.... of depression include behavioural, emotional and cognitive symptoms
Clinical Characteristics
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Based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques (type of therapy)
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
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Suggest that faulty thinking make a person vulnerable to depression. People with depression often show cognitive distortions, faulty information processing and negative thinking
Cognitive Explanations
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Based on the assumption that faulty thinking make a person vulnerable to depression these treatments such as CBT and REBT, aim to challenge irrational thoughts and replace them with more rational thoughts
Cognitive Treatments
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Different methods of defining and diagnosing psychological illnesses
Definitions of Abnormality
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A definition of abnormality, which suggests that abnormal behaviour should be defined as the absence of particular (ideal) characteristics (Jahoda's criteria)
Deviation From Ideal Mental Health
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Definition of abnormality where a person is seen as abnormal if their thinking or behaviour violates an unwritten rule about what is acceptable in society
Deviation From Social Norms
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Based on the assumption that drugs can restore a neurochemical imbalance, which is seen as the cause of OCD
Drug Therapies
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Ellis proposed this model to explain how irrational thoughts could lead to depression
Ellis' ABC Model
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Definition of abnormality where a person is considered abnormal if they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life and live independently in society
Failure to Function
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A process used in systematic desensitisation where the phobic stimuli are ranked from least to most fearful
Fear Hierarchy
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Behavioural therapy where the individual is exposed to the most anxiety-inducing stimulus immediately and forced to stay there till they calm down
Flooding
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
View phobias as a learned behaviour
Back
Behavioural Explanations
Card 3
Front
Based on the assumption that if a behaviour is learned then it can also be unlearned
Back
Card 4
Front
Focus on both genetic and neural explanations of OCD
Back
Card 5
Front
Aim to restore chemical imbalances in the brain since this is assumed to be the main cause of the disorder (OCD)
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