Psychology - Paper 1 - Memory - EWT (misleading information)

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What is eyewitness testimony?
Evidence used in court concerning the identity of someone who has committed a crime.
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What are the 2 aspects of misleading information?
Leading questions and post-event discussion
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Which theorist looked into EWT?
Elizabeth Loftus
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What are leading questions?
Questions that are worded in such a way that it might bias how a respondent answers.
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What did Loftus and Palmer do to study leading questions?
45 Ps had to estimate the speed of cars in 7 films containing car accidents. 5 conditions when asked how fast car was going: hit, contacted, bumped, smashed, collided. Contacted (31.8mph) and smashed (40.8).
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What was Loftus' and Palmer's 2nd experiment?
150 Ps in 3 groups, clip of car accident, G1 (how fast were the cars going when they smashed each other), G2 (hit), G3 (no Qs). Asked 1 wk later if there was broken glass. 32% in smashed condition mistakenly reported glass, 14% in hit, 13% control.
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What's the problem with post even discussion?
Can result in information being added after the event which will also bias the witnesses memory.
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What is the supporting evidence for post even discussion?
Gabbert: Ps watched clip of a crime in pairs, each Ps watched from a different view, both Ps dicussed what they had seen before completing a test of recall. Found that 71% of Ps mistakenly recalled aspects they hadn't watched (0% in control group).
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What's the methodological issues surrounding misleading information?
Lab studies lack ecological validity, EWT appears to be more accurate if people know it has real consequences. Demand characteristics e.g. paying more attention.
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What are the practical applications of investigating misleading information?
Knowing how to interview to get accurate EWT.
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What are the ethical issues surrounding investigating misleading information?
Ps cannot give full consent as often deceived, risk of psychological harm if they have previous experience of car accidents.
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Card 2

Front

What are the 2 aspects of misleading information?

Back

Leading questions and post-event discussion

Card 3

Front

Which theorist looked into EWT?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are leading questions?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did Loftus and Palmer do to study leading questions?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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