Psychology Key Studies

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Asch - Aim
Aim: How does group pressure in an ambiguous situation affect conformity?
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Asch - Method
Method: 123 American males. Which line matches? Ii/ i
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Asch - Results
Results: 75% conformed at least once
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Asch - Conclusion
Conclusion: People are influenced by group pressure
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Asch - Evaluation
Evaluation: -Artificial task. -Cannot be generalised to different cultures. -Outdated research. +Lab experiment, controlled all EVs
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Piliavin - Aim
Aim: To investigate if the appearance of a victim affects helping behaviour
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Piliavin - Method
Method: 103 trails, drunk or disaibled
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Piliavin - Results
Results: When drunk 50% helped, when disabled 95% helped
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Pilaivin - Conculsion
Conclusion: Characteristics affect the help given
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Piliavin - Evaluation
Evaluation: -Urban sample, more used to emergencies. +High realism, pps not aware of the ongoing study. +Qualitative data, collected and explained why.
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Murdock - Aim
Aim: Support the separate stores, serial position curve
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Murdock - Method
Method: Remember 20 words. Over 80 trails.
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Murdock - Results
Results: Primacy, words at the start of the list were remembered well. Recency, words at the end were remembered well. Words in the middle were forgotten.
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Murdock - Conclusion
Conclusion: Primacy, words in the LT because they were rehearsed. Recency, words still in the ST
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Murdock - Evaluation
Evaluation: +Other research with similar findings, credible. -Pps all same age, not generalisable. -Too simplistic. -Lacks ecological validity
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Bartlett - Aim
Aim: Unfamiliar stories are altered to made more sense to a person.
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Bartlett - Method
Method: Read story. Repeat 15 mins later
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Bartlett - Results
Results: Shortened story. Omissions. Key events changed
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Bartlett - Conclusion
Conclusion: Our memory is influenced by our beliefs (schemas)
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Bartlett - Evaluation
Evaluation: +Relevance to real life. -Difficult to measure accuracy of stories. -Story is confusing. -Lacks generalisablilty, students were the sample
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McGarringle and Donaldson - Aim
Aim: Children conserve before Piaget suggested
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McGarringle and Donaldson - Method
Method: 2 rows of counters, same? Naughty teddy messes up 1 row, same now?
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McGarringle and Donaldson - Results
Results: 62% can conserve
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McGarringle and Donaldson - Conclusion
Conclusion: If the change is accidental children under 7 can conserve
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McGarringle and Donaldson - Evaluation
Evaluation: +Other research supports. +Children can conserve earlier than Piaget said. -Pps from 1 primary school. -In other research, results weren't as high
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Hughes - Aim
Aim: Children can decentre before Piaget suggested
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Hughes - Method
Method: Asked to hide a doll where policeman dolls can't see it. 1 practice to check understanding. pXp
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Hughes - Results
Results: 90% were able to hide the doll
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Hughes - Conclusion
Conclusion: Children can conserve earlier than 7
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Hughes - Evaluation
Evaluation: +Supported by the 3 mountain task. -Lacks ecological validity. -Unfamiliar setting and adults.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Method: 123 American males. Which line matches? Ii/ i

Back

Asch - Method

Card 3

Front

Results: 75% conformed at least once

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Conclusion: People are influenced by group pressure

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Evaluation: -Artificial task. -Cannot be generalised to different cultures. -Outdated research. +Lab experiment, controlled all EVs

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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