Psychology - Health and Clinical

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Topics in Theories of Health Belief
Health Belief Model, Locus of Control and Self Efficacy
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main and background study for HBM
Background- Hochaum Main - Becker et al
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Years for the main and Background study in the HBM
Background- 1958 Main 1978
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Background Study for HBM was based on a survey about what disease..
TB
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What did main study in the HBM conduct the study on?
Compliance with a medical regime for asthma
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main and background study for Locus of Control
Background-Rotter Main - Wallston et al
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Years for the main and Background study in the LoC
Background- 1966 Main 1978
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Locus of Control - Rotter 1966 What does Internal Locus of control mean?
Means that you believe you have personal control over events that happen in your life
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Locus of Control - Rotter 1966 What does external Locus of control mean?
Means that you believe outside forces, not you, have over events that happen in your life
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Someone with a strong......believes that they are responsible for their health and can improve it by taking action
Internal health Locus of Control
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The belief the other people are responsible for their state of health
Powerful others health Locus of Control
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People with ...... believe that luck or fate control their health and they cannot change this.
Chance health Locus of Control
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Study for Self-Efficacy
Bandura (1986)
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High self-efficacy =
Higher likelihood for success
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The study by Bandura to assess Self efficacy was conducted on patients with which phobia?
Snakes
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topics in methods of health promotion
Media Campaign, Legislation, Fear Arousal
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Name of the Study for Media campaigns
Cowpe 1989
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Which area in Cowpe's study where commericals were shown displayed the largest overall reduction?
Tyne Tees
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How many TV regions were there in Cowpe's study on media campaigns?
7
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What effect did overlapping areas show in Cowpe's study on Media campaigns?
Reduced impact of media campaign
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When was the most amount of change in behaviour seen Cowpe's study on Media campaigns?
During the campaign
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main and supporting study for Leglisation as a method of health promotion?
Main - Dannenberg et al (1993) Supporting- Cote (1992)
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What was the method used in Dannenberg's study about Leglisation as a method of health promotion?
Self report
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Ages of the children in Dannenberg's study about Leglisation as a method of health promotion?
9-10 years, 12-13 years and 14-15 years
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What was the method used in Cote's study about Leglisation as a method of health promotion?
Observation
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Name of the Study for Fear Arousal
Janis and Feshbach 1953
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Sample for Janis and Feshbach's study on fear arousal
Entire "Freshman" class at large school in Connecticut, mean age 15
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How many questionnaires were the participants asked to fill out in Janis and Feshbach's study on fear arousal?
3
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What was the most effective group Janis and Feshbach's study on fear arousal?
Minimal Fear appeal
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Definition of Cognitive rational non-adherence.
Fully aware of the issues and choose not to adhere
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Name of the Study for cognitive rational non-adherence
Bulpit et al 1988
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Method used in Bulipit's Study for cognitive rational non-adherence
Review article
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main and background study for measuring non adherence
Main - Braam (2008) Background Cluss and Epstein (1995)
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What was used as a marker for adherence in Braam's study (2003) for measuring non adherence?
Potassium Bromide
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Sample for Braam's study (2003) for measuring non adherence
30 patients from a medical centre in the Netherlands (14m and 16f) who had hbp despite having taken a single form of hbp medication for 4 weeks.
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How long was the placebo treatment phase in Braam's study (2003) for measuring non adherence?
4 weeks
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When was adherence described as 'good' in Braam's study (2003) for measuring non adherence?
Equal or greater than 80% drug intake
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In Braam's study (2003) for measuring non adherence which method was determined to be the most sensible measure?
Electronic measuring
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Name of the study for improving levels of adherence (behavioural method)
Watt et al (2003)
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Sample in Watt et al (2003) for improving levels of adherence (behavioural method)
32 Australian children (10m and 22f) aged 1.5-6 years old (3.2 years mean age). All had been diagnosed with asthma and prescribed medication administered by pressurised metered does inhaler.
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In Watt et al (2003) for improving levels of adherence (behavioural method), what statement regarding the funhaler is correct?
The Funhaler had incentive toys i.e spinner and whistle which functioned when used correctly
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Name of the study for work as a cause of stress
Johansson (1978)
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Where did the Johansson (1978) study take place?
Swedish Sawmill
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Name of the study for hassles and lief events as a cause of stress
Kanner et al (1981)
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In Kanner's study on hassles and life events as a cause of stress what is the sample?
100 participants who had previously completed a health survey in 1965. They were from California mostly white, protestant , with adequate or above average income and at least a 9th grade education.
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In Kanner's study on hassles and life events as a cause of stress all tests were sent out by post a month before the study began. The participants wee asked to complete.....(which statement is incorrect)
Multidimensional Health locus of control scale every 3 months
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Name of the study for lack of control as a source of stress
Geer and Maisel (1972)
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Sample for Geer and Maisel's (1972) study on lack of control as a source of stress
60 undergrads enrolled in a psychology course from New York University
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Description of Group 1 in Geer and Maisel's (1972) study on lack of control as a source of stress
Given actual control over how long they saw the image: they could press a button to terminate the image and were told that a tone would precede each image.
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Description of Group 2 in Geer and Maisel's (1972) study on lack of control as a source of stress
Yoked to Group .... (they saw photos for exactly the same time as Group...,but were warned that the photos would be 60 seconds apart and how long they would see each photo for.They were also told a 10 sec warning tone would precede each image.
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Description of Group 2 in Geer and Maisel's (1972) study on lack of control as a source of stress
Also Yoked to Group.., told they would see images and hear tones.
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Geer and Maisel's (1972) study on lack of control as a source of stress, Group 1 had...
Control
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Geer and Maisel's (1972) study on lack of control as a source of stress, Group 2 had...
No control, but predictability
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Geer and Maisel's (1972) study on lack of control as a source of stress, Group 3 had...
No control, No predictability
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Geer and Maisel's (1972) study on lack of control as a source of stress how long was the GSR allowed to calibrate and find a baseline?
5 mins
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Name of a study for physiological measures of stress
Johansson (1978)
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Name of the study that looks at self report as a measure of stress
Holmes and Rahe (1967)
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What is NOT one of the two ways of managing stressed
Forward focused strategies- focus on future plans
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When faced with a stressor we ask ourselves: 1) Is this stress a threat to us? 2)Can we deal with this stress? Who came up with this theory?
Lazarus and Folkman (1984)
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Name the study that looks at Cognition as a technique for managing stress
Ellis (1962)
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What technique does Ellis (1962) use when looking at Cognition as a technique for managing stress?
Rational emotive therapy (RET)
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Name the supporting study RET as a technique for managing stress
Engels et al
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Which statement regarding Engels et al supporting evidence for RET as a technique for managing stress
Ameta- Analysis of 31 outcome studies was conducted finding that RET was MORE effective for treating anxiety based disorders than systematic desistation or combination therapies where RET was combined with some form of behavioural therapy
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Name the study that looks at behaviour as a technique for managing stress
Mcgrath (1990)
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Sample used in Mcgrath (1990) that looks at behaviour as a technique for managing stress
Lucy, a 9 year old girl who had a fear of sudden loud noises. These included balloons, party poppers, guns, cars backfiring and fireworks. She had a lower than average IQ, was not depressed, anxious or fearful (tested with psychometric tests).
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Name of the technique used in Mcgrath (1990) that looks at behaviour as a technique for managing stress
Systematic desensitation
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In what session where party popper introduced in Mcgrath (1990) that looks at behaviour as a technique for managing stress
6-9
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Mcgrath (1990) that looks at behaviour as a technique for managing stress, which statement regarding Lucy's fear thermometer is incorrect?
Door slamming 8/10 to 2/10
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Name the main and supporting studies for social approach as a technique for managing stress
Main Waxler-Morrison et al (1993) Supporting Stroebe (2000)
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Sample of Waxler-Morrison's study on social approach as a technique for managing stress
133 women under 55 years old (pre-menopausal) who had been refered to a clinic in Vancouver with a diagnosis of breast cancer
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What was not part of the self-admistered aspect of Waxler-Morrison's study on social approach as a technique for managing stress?
Urine sample- to test for adrenaline
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What was NOT an aspect of social network significantly linked with survival in Waxler-Morrison's study on social approach as a technique for managing stress?
Level of education
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Name of the study for definitions of dysfunctional behaviours
Rosenhan and Seligman (1995)
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Name of the manual used to categorise dysfunctional behaviours
DSM-5
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How many categories are there in the DSM-5 used to categorise dysfunctional behaviours?
22
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Another organising principle of the DSM-5 is clustering together of disorders to mirror (co-occuring) clinical reality, what are internalising disorders?
These are disorders characterised by depressed mood,anxiety and related physiological and cognitive symptoms
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Another organising principle of the DSM-5 is clustering together of disorders to mirror (co-occuring) clinical reality, what are externalising disorders?
These comprise disorders with prominent implusive, disruptive conduct and substance abuse symptoms
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Name of the study that looks at biases in diagnosis of dysfunctional behaviour
Ford and Widiger (1989)
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What type of bias did Ford and Widiger (1989) look at in diagnosis of dysfunctional behaviour?
Gender
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Sample used in Ford and Widiger (1989) gender bias diagnosis of dysfunctional behaviour?
A final sample of 354 clinical psychologists from 1127 randomly selected from the National Register in 1983, with the mean of 15.6 years clinical experience. 266 psychologists responded to the case histories.
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Which statement describes Histronic personality disorder?
People who act in a highly emotional and dramatic way, often seek reassurance and being self centered, seductive, highly concerned with looks and are over sensitive to cristism.
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Which statement describes Histronic personality disorder?
People who have a long term pattern of manipulating, exploiting or violating the rights of others, often leading to criminal behaviour. They may appear charming, lack guilt or remorse, display anger, lie, steal and show a lack of regard to safety.
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What were sex-unspecified case studies most diagnosed as in Ford and Widiger (1989) gender bias diagnosis of dysfunctional behaviour?
Boderline personality disorder
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Example of an anxiety disorder
Phobias
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Example of an affective disorder
Major depressive disorder
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Example of a psychotic disorder
Schizophrenia
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Definition of a phobia
Strong persistent and irrational fear of, and a desire to avoid a particular object, activity or situation. Such behaviour when it interferes with normal every day functioning is a phobia
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What of these is NOT one of categories of phobias in DSM 5?
claustrophobia
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Definition of Agoraphobia
Defined as a fear of open spaces but typically involves the fear of being in a situation from which escape may be difficult or help unavailable.
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Definition of Social phobias
It is an intense and excessive fear of being in a situation in which one is exposed to possible scuntiny by others.
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Definition of Specific phobias
It is an extreme fear of a specific object or situation.
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Description of positive symptoms of schizophrenia
A distortion or excess of normal functions
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Description of negative symptoms of schizophrenia
A reduction or loss of normal functions
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Name of the study for behavioural explanation of anxiety disorders
Watson and Rayner(1920)
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Description of classical conditioning.
It is the idea that we learn through association. It suggests that links or associations are made between one object, activity or situation and another.
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Sample for Watson and Rayner(1920) study on behavioural explanation of anxiety disorders
Little Albert was a child of a wet nurse and so lived in the hospital. Was apparently stolid and unemotional with no fear reactions to rats, rabbits, dogs, a mask with hair or cotton wool. When 8 mnths showed to react violently to a steel bar get hit
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How old was Little Albert when the experiment started in Watson and Rayner(1920) study on behavioural explanation of anxiety disorders?
11 months old
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What was the least feared stimulus in Watson and Rayner(1920) study on behavioural explanation of anxiety disorders
Cotton wool
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What neutral stimulus was used to stop the fear response in Watson and Rayner(1920) study on behavioural explanation of anxiety disorders?
Toy block
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What was the name of the background study for a biological explanation of anxiety disorders?
Seligman (1971)
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What was the name of the main study for a biological explanation of anxiety disorders?
Ohman (1975)
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Sample used in Ohman (1975) study for a biological explanation of anxiety disorders?
64 (38 f, 26 m) paid volunteers aged 20-30 years. They were all psychology students from the university of Uppsala in Sweden.
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Ohman (1975) study for a biological explanation of anxiety disorders, used an independent measures design. Which statement is incorrect.
25 % of the participants received shocks after seeing pictures of rats
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Name of the study for a cognitive explanation of anxiety disorder
Dinardo (1988)
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Name the study for that came up with systematic densisitation theory as a behavioural treatment for anxiety disorders.
Wolpe (1958)
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Name of a study that showed anxiety disorders to be treated behaviourally
Mcgrath (1990)
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Name a study for cognitive treatment of anxiety disorders
Ellis (1962)
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main and background study for HBM

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Background- Hochaum Main - Becker et al

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Years for the main and Background study in the HBM

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Background Study for HBM was based on a survey about what disease..

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What did main study in the HBM conduct the study on?

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