Psychology - Genotypes and Phenotypes

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Explain what is meant by the term genotype.
A persons genotype is their genetic makeup, passed down from your parents.
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Explain what is meant by the term phenotype.
A persons phenotype is the physical expression of their genotype. Genotype + environment = phenotype
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What is PKU and what does it do?
PKU is a genetic disorder which causes you to not be able to break down certain amino acids, resulting in your body having too much protein.
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What are the genotype and phenotypes of having PKU?
The genotype is being born with PKU and the phenotype is changing your diet to a low-protein one to aviod it from developing.
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Explain what is meant by the term 'concordance rate'.
The probability that a pair of individuals will share the same characteristics.
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What are twin studies?
It is research using twins to help determine what characteristics are genetic and what are environmental.
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Explain how twin studies are used to research the genetic basis of behaviour.
Twins share most or all of the same DNA and so, by putting them in different environments, you can see what difference it makes.
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What is the limitation to twin studies?
As identical twins have the same DNA, if they're brought up in the same environment, you wouldn't be able to differ between genetic or environmental traits.
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How do adoption studies overcome this limitation?
Because the child will be raised in a different environment to their parents or siblings.
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What are adoption studies?
It is when you compare either two siblings who are raised in different homes or, most commonly, comparing a child in an adoptive home to their parents to see the effect it has.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Explain what is meant by the term phenotype.

Back

A persons phenotype is the physical expression of their genotype. Genotype + environment = phenotype

Card 3

Front

What is PKU and what does it do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the genotype and phenotypes of having PKU?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Explain what is meant by the term 'concordance rate'.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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