Psychology - Forensic Psychology

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1. Which of these is NOT a feature of the cognitive interview?

  • Recall in reverse order- reduces the effects of the schema (they provide a mental framework but can also distort memories if we are following the schema)
  • Make the interviewee feel relaxed and use focused memory techniques such a imagery
  • Context reinstatement- Put yourself back at the scene
  • It involves individual components of a face being selected from a database containing over 20,000 facial features.
  • Make sure the questions are guided by the interviewee and listen to them without interupting.
  • Recall from a changed perspective
  • Report every detail
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2. Name of the study that showed evidence of cognitive interview effectiveness as a way of interviewing witnesses.

  • Loftus et al (1987)
  • Fisher et al (1989)
  • Frowd et al (2005b)

3. Which of these statements is incorrect about the bottom up approach used in Britain and created by David Canter while creating a profile?

  • Smallest Space Analysis (SSA) which "is one statistical technique which allows..matrices (of similarity or correlation) to be represented in multi-dimensional space
  • Commuters- Commit crime outside of their home radius and travel to other area to commit crimes
  • Crime Classification- Attempt to classify the crime based on the evidence
  • Marauders- Commit crimes within a radius of a 'anchor point' (house, hostel, work etc)

4. Sample used in Fisher et al (1989) study on cognitive interview effectiveness as a way of interviewing witnesses.

  • 16 dectectives in the Robbery division of Dade County Florida. Min 5 years with the division
  • 36 students from the University of Washington, aged 18-31.Half were recruited through ads and were paid $3.50 and the rest got extra credit for their psychology classes.
  • Group 1 participants over 30 who are unlikely to recognise the faces of ten celebrities. Group 2 participants in their early 20's who are likely to be familiar with said celebrities.

5. Which of these statement describes voluntary false confessions seen in Kassin and Wrightsman (1985) study on false confessions while interviewing suspects

  • There is no police pressure and in which individuals voluntarily go to the police to confess. May be due to mental illness or desire to protect someone.
  • Individual confessed because they see it as more desirable than the alternative of being persistently or violently questioned. Knows they havent committed the crime.
  • Confessed because they come to believe they have committed the crime, this is based on "memory distrust syndrome" where they begin to doubt own memories. Typically occur in vulnerable suspects.
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