Psychology - Attachment

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What 3 things define attachment
intense emotional bond specific to 2 people, endures over time, prolonged separation is accompanied by stress and sorrow
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What did Johnson & Morton find
babies are born social
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What did Tronick et al find
babies expect and anticipate a response
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What did Brazelton et al find
organised infant behaviour within 5 months
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What is reciprocity
the matching of actions in 2 people
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What is interactional synchronicity
co ordinated and rhythmic exchanges between 2 people
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Who developed the stages of attachment
Schaffer
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When do multiple attachments begin to occur
9 months onward
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Who studied multiple attachments by observing 60 new borns in Glasgow
Schaffer & Emerson
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Who found that fathers tend to be playmates rather than caregivers
Geiger
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WHo found that high levels of marital intimacy are linked to secure father/child attachments
Belsky et al
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Who found that fathers are more likely than mothers to encourage their children to take risks
Paquette
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Who found that the quality of father/child attachments significantly correlates with number of friends
Verrisimo et al
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In Schaffer & Emerson's study, what percentage of 18 month olds had at least 2 attachments
87%
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In Schaffer & Emerson's study, what percentage of 18 month olds had 5 or more attachments
31%
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Who conducted the strange situations experiment
Ainsworth
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How many stages are their in the strange situations experiment
8
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What percentage of the population have secure attachments
70%
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How many studies did Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg use in their meta analysis
32
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Where is secure attachment most common
Great Britain
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Where is avoidant attachment most common
West Germany
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Where is resistant attachment most common
Japan & Israel
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Negative reinforcement is...
removing a negative outcome in response to good behaviour
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Who conducted a study on baby monkeys
Harlow
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Who proposed the evolutionary theory of attachment
Bowlby
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How long is the critical period
2.5 years
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What does Bowlby propose attachment is motivated by
innate instincts
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What percentage of affectionless thieves had experienced maternal deprivation
86%
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Who studied the critical period of chicks
Lorenz
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Who found that infant attachment type at 18 months could predict reasonably well relationships with peers at age 5
Lyons-Ruth, Alpern, & Repacholie
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What were Rutter et al's findings?
Romanian late adopted children had highest disinhibition
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In Hodges & Tizard's study, who had formed a closer relationship to their caregiver
adopted children
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What do both Rutter et al's/Hodges & Tizard's study suggest about the effects of privation
they can be reversed
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What did Johnson & Morton find

Back

babies are born social

Card 3

Front

What did Tronick et al find

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did Brazelton et al find

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is reciprocity

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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