Psychology : Approaches Key Terms (Year 1)

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  • Created by: ArronK99
  • Created on: 15-02-17 17:36
The scientific study of the human mind and its functions
Psychology
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A means of acquiring knowledge through systematic and objective investigation
Science
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The first systematic, experimental attempt to study the mind by breaking up conscious awareness into basic structures of thoughts, images and sensations
Introspection
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A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is learnt and what is observable
Behavioural Approach
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Learning through association
Classic conditioning
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A form of learning where behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences
Operant conditioning
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A consequence of behaviour that affects the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated. Can be positive or negative
Reinforcement
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A way of explaining behaviour that includes both direct and indirect reinforcement
Social Learning Theory
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Copying the behaviour of others
Imitation
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When an observer associates themselves with a role model
Identification
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Imitating the behaviour of a role model
Modelling
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Reinforcement which occurs through observing another being reinforced
Vicarious reinforcement
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Cognitive factors that influence learning and come between stimulus and response
Mediational Processes
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Focuses on how our mental processes affect our behaviour
Cognitive Approach
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Operations of the mind such as perception and attention that mediate between stimulus and response
Internal Mental Processes
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A mental framework of beliefs and expectations that influence cognitive processing
Schema
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Cognitive psychologists draw conclusions about the way mental processes operate on the basis of observed behaviour
Inference
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The scientific study of biological structures that underpin cognitive processes
Cognitive Neuroscience
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Emphasises the importance of physical processes in the body such as genetic inheritance and neural function
Biological Approach
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Make up chromosomes and consist of DNA
Genes
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An arrangement of parts to form an organ, system or living thing
Biological Structure
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Chemicals in the brain that regulate psychological functioning
Neurochemistry
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The particular set of genes that a person possesses
Genotype
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The characteristics of an individual, determined by both genes and the environment
Phenotype
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The changes in inherited characteristics in a biological population over successive generations
Evolution
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A means of acquiring knowledge through systematic and objective investigation

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Science

Card 3

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The first systematic, experimental attempt to study the mind by breaking up conscious awareness into basic structures of thoughts, images and sensations

Back

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Card 4

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A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is learnt and what is observable

Back

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Card 5

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Learning through association

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