Psychology - Approaches

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  • Created by: i_daley
  • Created on: 07-06-18 19:15
Behaviourist
People who believe that human behaviour can be explained in terms of conditioning.
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Biological Approach
Views humans as biological organisms and so provides biological explanations for all aspects of psychological functioning.
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Classical Conditioning
When a neutral stimulus is consistently paired with an unconditioned stimulus so that it eventually elicits a conditioned response.
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Cognitive
Relates to mental processes such as perception, memory and reasoning.
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Cognitive Neuroscience
An area of psychology dedicated to the underlying neural bases of cognitive functions.
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Computer Model
Refers to the process of using computer analogies as a representation of human cognition.
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Empiricism
The belief that all knowledge is derived from sensory experiences.
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Evolution
Refers to the change over successive generations of the genetic makeup of a particular population.
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Gene
A part of the chromosome of an organism that carries information in the form of DNA.
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Genotype
The genetic makeup of an individual.
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Identification
A form of influence where an individual adopts an attitude or behaviour because they want to be associated with a particular group or person.
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Imitation
The actions of using someone as a model and copying their behaviour.
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Interference
Means reaching a logical conclusion on the basis of evidence and research.
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Introspection
A method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings.
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Mediational Processes
Refers to the internal mental processes that exist between environmental stimuli and the response made by an individual.
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Modelling
A form of learning where individuals learn a particular behaviour by observing another individual.
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Natural Selection
The process by which inherited characteristics that enhance an individual's reproductive successes are passed onto the next generation.
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Neurochemistry
The study of chemical and neural processes associated with the nervous system.
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Operant Conditioning
Learning through reinforcements and punishments.
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Phenotype
The observable characteristics of an individual.
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Punishment
Involves the application of an unpleasant consequence following a behaviour.
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Reinforcement
Refers to anything that strengthens a response, making it more likely to occur.
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Schema
A cognitive framework that helps organise and interpret information in the brain.
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Scientific Method
Refers to the use of investigative methods that are objective, systematic and replicable.
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Social Learning Theory
Learning through observing others and imitating rewarded behaviour.
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Theoretical Models
Models are simplified representations of a particular mental process based on current research evidence.
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Vicarious Reinforcement
Learning that is not a result of direct reinforcement or behaviour, but through observing others being reinforced for behaviour.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Views humans as biological organisms and so provides biological explanations for all aspects of psychological functioning.

Back

Biological Approach

Card 3

Front

When a neutral stimulus is consistently paired with an unconditioned stimulus so that it eventually elicits a conditioned response.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Relates to mental processes such as perception, memory and reasoning.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

An area of psychology dedicated to the underlying neural bases of cognitive functions.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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