An activity that has become the most important thing in a persons life without engaging in the behaviour. (E.G. Dominates a persons thoughts, feelings and behaviour)
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What is mood modification?
When engaging in the addictive behaviour they experience mood changes. (E.G. Classed as a high or a 'buzz' or feel an escape or numbness)
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What is tolerence?
Over time more of the drug or behaviour will be needed to experience the same 'buzz' as before. Therefore build up a tolerence so more is needed
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What are withdrawal symptoms?
If behaviour is stopped a person will experience these whether physical, (E.G. insommnia, nausea and headaches) or psychological, (E.G. irritability or moodiness)
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What is conflict?
Can experience these conflicts with themselves, friends or family as it can comprimise their job or relationships to maintain the addiction
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What is relapse?
Addicts can have strong tendencies to return to past addictions or behaviours, even after not experiencing these for many years or experiencing successful treatment
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What is the VTA?
Ventral tegmental area
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What is the NAc?
Nucleus accumbens
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What are DRD2 genes?
Is a dopamine receptor that can have the A1 variant which reduces the number of dopamine receptors in the brain
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What are ADH genes?
Are responsible for the process of how alcohol is metabolised by the body can have some variants that decrease alcoholism
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What are the personality types described by Eyesenck?
Representiveness bias, Avalibility bias, Illusion of control bias, Hindsight bias and Self-serving bias
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What are the 2 main cognitive biases that are used to explain gambilng addictions?
Representiveness bias and Availibilty bias
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What are the 2 key proccesses for learning?
Observing a role model and vicarious reinforcement
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What are the 2 social norms used to explain addiction?
Descriptive norms and Injusctive norms
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What are descriptive norms?
An individuals perception of how much others engage in behaviours such as drinking or smoking
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What are injuctive norms?
What an individual percieves as others' approval of the behaviour
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What 2 ways do media portray addiction?
Exposure to addictive behaviours and vicarious reinforcement
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What 2 ways are used to modify behaviours?
Agonist and Antagonist substitution and Avesion therapy
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What is used as an example of agonist substitution?
Methadone
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What is used as an example of antagonist substitution?
Nalterxone
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How does agonist substitution work?
Agonists are chemicals that bind to the postsynaptic receptor and activate that receptor to produce a response (imitate the response of the drug or substance)
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How does antagonist substitution work?
Antagonists bind to receptors but rather than causing a reaction, it blocks the usual function of the drug or substance
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What addiction is treated with agonist and antagonist substitution?
Addictions to herion
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What are the 2 types of aversion therapy?
Antabuse and Rapid smoking
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What principals are aversion therapy based on?
Is based on the principals of classical conditioning (unconditioned stimulus = unconditioned response, unconditioned stimulus + neutral stimulus = conditioned response, conditioned stimulus = conditioned response)
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