psychology

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  • Created by: Libby0104
  • Created on: 28-11-19 11:54
aim
a general research area you want to investigate the purpose of a study this can be a difference or similarity
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hypothesis
a statement of what you think you will find during your study needs to be clear, testable and operationalised this can be a difference or relationship
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directional hypothesis
done when there has been previous research, there will be a slower or faster, there will be more or less
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non directional hypothesis
done when there is no previous research, there will be a difference, there will be a similarity
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null hypothesis
done to avoid bias, there will be no difference, there will be no similarity
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sample
a collection of people who take part in a study with the aim of representing the population
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random sampling
equal chance of being selected, random generator, may not represent full population
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volunteer sampling
join on request, self selection, money reward- motivation, people have similar characteristics
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opportunity sampling
utilising people that are available, matched criteria, people have similar characteristics
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systematic sampling
selecting every nth person, equal chance of being selected, not 100% representative
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stratified sampling
sub groups within a population, the sample should represent the population, long and complex procedure
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reliability
the consistency of a research study or measuring test, if results are replicated consistently they are reliable
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inter rater reliability
refers to the degree to which different raters give consistent estimates of the same behaviour
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test re test reliability
refers to the consistency of a test over time
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validity
internal- is it measuring what it is supposed to external- can our findings be generalised
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ecological validity
generalise your findings to a different setting/ situation in real life
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temporal validity
can your findings generalise over time
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cross- cultural validity
can your findings generalise towards different cultures
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population validity
can your findings generalise to the whole population
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assessing validity- face validity
looking at the test to see if it would measure what it is supposed to you could ask the participant, expert or yourself
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assessing validity- concurrent validity
you look at the test and compare it to an established test established tests are already valid
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features of science- empirical evidence
refers to data being collected through direct observation or experiments that do not rely on argument or beliefs
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features of science- objectivity
researchers should remain unbiased in their investigation- the data collected is a fact
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features of science- control
all other variables need to be controlled in order to be able to establish cause and effect
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features of science- hypothesis testing
all research must begin with a hypothesis hypothesis is testable (accepted or rejected)
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features of science- replication
refers to the idea that a particular method can be redone to see if the results are similar
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features of science- predictability
we should be able to predict future behaviour from the findings in the research
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the scientific process
induction- you observe then develop a theory //deduction- you develop a theory then make a hypothesis//falsification-a theory could only be scientific if you were able to prove it wrong (wrong to make right)
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paradigm
set of basic assumptions, ways of thinking and methods of study that are commonly accepted by members of a discipline
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independent variable
thing we change
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dependant variable
thing we measure
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

a statement of what you think you will find during your study needs to be clear, testable and operationalised this can be a difference or relationship

Back

hypothesis

Card 3

Front

done when there has been previous research, there will be a slower or faster, there will be more or less

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

done when there is no previous research, there will be a difference, there will be a similarity

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

done to avoid bias, there will be no difference, there will be no similarity

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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