Psychology

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What is the difference between sensation and perception?
Sensation is our body's way of detecting a stimulus in the environment such as light waves (vision). Perception is how our brain organises and interpret these sensations
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What is visual constancy?
The ability to recognise than an object remains the same even when it produces different images on the retina (it looks different)
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What is retinal disparity?
This provides very important information to our brains about distance
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What is convergence?
This muscle information provides our brain with information about depth and distance of objects within our environment
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Explain height in plane
It follows the rule that the closer an object is to the horizon the further away it is compared to other objects seen in the same picture or scene
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Explain relative size
An object's smaller size on your retina means it is further away from you. Larger objects are also seen as being closer
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Explain Occlusion
If one object hides part of another object then the object that is still complete is perceived to be closer
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Explain Linear perspective
Allows us to perceive distance and depth in a two dimensional picture
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What is a strength of Gibson evaluation?
One strength of gibbons theory is that it was developed using research with pilots in the real world. Gibson researched WW2 pilots. This means that the theory is good at explaining how everyday perception, movements and depth occur.
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What is a strength of Gibson evaluation? PT 2
Therefore this theory has real world relevance and successfully explains how we perceive the world around us on a daily basis
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What is a weakness of Gibson evaluation?
One weakness is that direct theory finds it difficult to explain perceptual errors in visual illusions. According to Gibson, all we need to perceive the world accurately is the rich information received at our retina. However visual illusions
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What is a weakness of Gibson evaluation? PT 2
are good examples of when our brain makes 'perceptual errors' and draws the wrong conclusion about what we are looking at. Gregory theory better explains this. Therefore, Gregory's theory is more useful than gibbons when it comes to explaining
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What is a weakness of Gibson evaluation?
illusions
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Inference
brain uses sensory information that is available in the environment to draw conclusions about what we are seeing
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Visual Clues
make accurate judgements , perceive depth, distance and size
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What is one strength of Gregory's theory?
One strength is that gregory;s theory has support from research in different cultures. Hudson found that people from different cultural/educational background perceived depth differently. In the picture depth cues suggest that a spear was being aimed
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What is one strength of Gregory's theory? PT 2
at an antelope not an elephant. Unschooled black participants were unlikely to perceive depth. the stud shows we are not born with depth cues
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What is one weakness of Gregory's theory?
One weakness is that Gregorys theory has not been supported by visual illusions. Aspects of the theory have helped explain the Ponzo and muller Lyer illusions. A problem as they are artificial, two dimensional images and do not reflect our perception
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What is one weakness of Gregory's theory? PT2
of the real world. Therefore, Gibson's theory may be better at explaining perception in the real world
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What is perceptual set?
Tendency of our brain to notice, or prefer, certain aspects of the sensory environment. This means that other aspects of the sensory environment are ignored or noticed less
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What are the factors that affect perceptual set?
Culture, Emotion, Motivation, Expectation
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What is one weakness of factors affecting perception?
Artificial task
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What is one weakness of factors affecting perception?
Independent group design
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Define ambiguity
This is the way in which some images or stimuli can be perceived in more than one way
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Define fiction
This is when a figure is perceived even though it is not par of the image or stimulus presented as in the example of the kanizsa triangle
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Define size constancy
This is the brains ability to perceive familiar objects as the same size, despite changes in the size of the image on the retina
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Define motion parallax
Argument that the rich information in the visual array is all the the brain needs to perceive the world around it. Perception is the same as sensation
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Define expectation
Belief about what is likely to happen based on post experience. Expectation affect perceptual set because you more likely to notice or attend certain stimuli because you are anticipating
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is visual constancy?

Back

The ability to recognise than an object remains the same even when it produces different images on the retina (it looks different)

Card 3

Front

What is retinal disparity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is convergence?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Explain height in plane

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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