Conformity Research and Variables affecting conformity
1 of 29
E: Perrin and Spencer
Limitation - Found only 1 in 396 engineering students conformed - child of its time as 1950s were a conformist time
2 of 29
E: Neto and (Smith and Bond)
Suggested women may be more conformist as Asch only tested men, Smith and Bond suggested conformity rates higher in a collectivist culture
3 of 29
E: William and Sogon
Found conformity rates higher with friends - so Asch effect varies across circumstances
4 of 29
Zimbardo
Stanford Prison Experiment
5 of 29
E: Fromm
Dispositional factors
6 of 29
E: Reicher and Haslam
Lacks research support - prisoners eventually took control - explained by social identity theory
7 of 29
Milgram
Original obedience Study and Explanations based on Situational Variables
8 of 29
E: Orne and Holland and (Sheridan and Kings)
Suggested participants guessed electric shocks were fake but Sheridan and Kings study found that 100% females gave real fatal electric shocks to a puppy
9 of 29
E: Hofling
21 out of 22 nurses obeyed unreasonable demands from a doctor - Milgram's study has high external validity because the relationship between experimenter and participant is like a real-life situation
10 of 29
E: Haslam and Reicher
Social Identity Theory - first 3 prods were appeals for help with science and only 4th prod demands obedience - people quit as they switched to identify with the participant
11 of 29
E: Bickman
Research support to situational variables - people twice as likely to obey someone dressed as security guard then they were jacket and tie
12 of 29
E: Orne and Holland
Participants may have play acted even more due to the extra experimental manipulaton for example even Milgram recognised when 'a member of the public replaced experimenter' participants may have worked this out
13 of 29
E: Miranda
Replication in other cultures - found over 90% obedience in Spanish students, however these have mainly taken place in Western cultures
14 of 29
E: Blass and Schmidt
Agentic state research support - showed students a video of Milgrams experiment and asked who was responsible - students blamed the 'experimenter' rather than the participant
15 of 29
E: Mandel
Agentic State doesn't account for all behaviour of Nazi's - German Reserve Police shot civilians in a small town in Poland despite not directly ordered to
16 of 29
E: Kelman and Hamilton
Legitimacy of Authorit can explain real life situations - Vietnam War explained by hierarchy of US Army. Army has authority recognised by Government and the Law, soldiers assume orders given are legal despite orders to kill, **** and destroy villages
Research support for authoritarian - they interviewed those who gave max shock and found they all scored highly on F-scale
19 of 29
E: Christie and Jahoda
Potically biased F-scale, they suggest it measures tendency towards right-wing ideology but both left and right insist of extreme obedience - Adorno's theory is not comprehensive of left-wing
20 of 29
Rotter
Locus of Control - Resistance to Social Influence
21 of 29
Asch
Social support for resistance to social influence (dissenter)
22 of 29
E: Allen and Levine
Research support - dissenting peers in resisting conformity - Asch type study (independence increased even when the dissenter wore thick glasses)
23 of 29
E: Holland
Research support of LOC - repeated Milgram's study and measured if they were internal or external 37% internals did not continue and 23% externals did not continue
24 of 29
E: Twenge
Research contradicts - found that American LOC has become more external but we have become independent
25 of 29
Moscovici
Minority Influence - Blue-green slides
26 of 29
E: Wood
Research support into Minority Influence - did a meta-analysis and found that being consistent was the most influential
27 of 29
E: Martin
Research evidence into minority influence - people were given a message supporting a viewpoint and then heard an endorsement from either minority or majority - people were less willing to change their viewpoint if they had listened to the minority
28 of 29
E: Moscovici
Involvement of internalisation - variation where participants wrote down their answers - agreement with minority was greater - internalisation took place
29 of 29
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Limitation - Found only 1 in 396 engineering students conformed - child of its time as 1950s were a conformist time
Back
E: Perrin and Spencer
Card 3
Front
Suggested women may be more conformist as Asch only tested men, Smith and Bond suggested conformity rates higher in a collectivist culture
Back
Card 4
Front
Found conformity rates higher with friends - so Asch effect varies across circumstances
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