This explanation acknowledges the role of biological factors in causing initial sensory experiences of schizo, but claims further features of the disorder appear as individuals attempt to understand the experiences.
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Cognitive approach cont.
When schizos hallucinate/hear voices they turn to others to try and validate what they're hearing + when other can't confirm this, they believe others are hiding the truth + so reject feedback from others + believe they're being manipulated by other
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Meyer-Lindenberg et al
Found a link between excess dopamine in prefrontal cortex + working memory - so suggests some link between cognition + biological factors
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Yellowlees et al
developed a machine which produces virtual hallucinations e.g. TV telling you to kill yourself - shows schizo that their hallucinations are not real, that disbelieving others is a consequence of madness. - supposed treatment , no evidence to say :)
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Double-bind theory - Bateson et al
Children who receive contradictory messages from their parents are more likely to suffer from schizo. The interaction prevent the development of an internally coherant construction of reality + in long run manifests as schizo - flattening effect
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Tienari
Adopted children with schizo biological parents are more likely to become ill themselves than those with non-schizo biological mothers. - if family rated as disturbing, illness only manifests under appropriate environmental conditions
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Berger
Schizos reported higher recall of double-bind statements by their mother than non-schizos ( AO2: schizo patients recall may be affected by schizo)
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Liem
Found no diff btwn patterns of parental communication in families with schizo child + normal
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Hall + Levine
Found no diff between families with/withouth schizo member
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What is expressed emotion
A family communication style with involves criticism + hostility. A child is exposed to a very negative emotional environment , it is shown that high levels of EE influence relapse rate
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Linszen et al
Schizo patient returning to family with EE is about 4X more likely to relapse than those returning to fam with low EE. STAGGERING FIGURE! :o
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Kalafi + Torabi
Found high EE was main cause of schio relapses - IRAN
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Positve about this research into EE
Now know that high EE = a major factor in the majority of relapses , then therapy can be devised whereby relatives are shown how to reduce EE
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Hogary et al
Found therapies (as mentioned previously) are very successful in significantly reducing relapse rates
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Ao2 of family studies
Does place blame on parents - but however this does indicate there is an environmental bases for schizo
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the cognitive approach?
Back
This explanation acknowledges the role of biological factors in causing initial sensory experiences of schizo, but claims further features of the disorder appear as individuals attempt to understand the experiences.
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