Psychological processes

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  • Created by: Baileytt
  • Created on: 25-08-21 05:17
Define sensation
The process of gathering information through the senses
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Define perception
The process of combining sensory information to form a representation of the world.
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What does perception involve
Attention, selection, organisation and interpretation of sensation
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Define recognition
The process of matching between your perceptual representation and a stored representation of the object.
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What does shorter wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum mean?
Higher frequency and energy
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What does longer wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum mean?
Lower frequency and energy
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What do photorecepter cells react to?
Light
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What is the structure of the retina
Optic nerve fiber, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, Photoreceptor cells, pigment epithelium
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What are the photoreceptor cells made of?
Cones and rods
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What are cones sensitive to?
Colour
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What are rods sensitive too?
Low light
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How many cones are in the eye, and where are they?
6 million and in the fovia
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How many rods are there in the eye and what do they dominate?
120million and peripheral vision
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What is colour vision made up of?
S, m and l cones
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Describe Trichromatic theory
Colour is determened by the ratio of the activity of the three different types of cones
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Define opponent process theory
Colour is determined in and antagonistic way between combinations of input from the cones
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Define parallel processing
Visual imput is simultaneously processed by different types of cells, located in different ares of the cortex which responds to different properties of the stimulus
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List five feature detectors
Orientation, corners, edges, colour, luminosity, gradient, shape, movement speed, movement direction, location, depth, texture and angle
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Describe what the ventral stream covers and what is the most common form of damage
Object identification, known as the what stream. Visual agnosia
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Describe what the Dorsal stream covers and what is the most common form of damage
object location and motion, known as the where stream. Problems with coordination vision with action.
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Define Visual agnosia
Disorder of recognition confined to a visual stream
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Define form perception
The process through which the basic shape and size of an object are segregated from a background visual scene
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Define bottom-up processing
Feature detection from visual stimulus input
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Define top-down processing
The application of prior knowladge, recent expieriance, expectation, familiarity and context
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define segmentation
Deviding the visual image into distinct parts/objects
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Define grouping
integrating visual information across different patches to segment an object
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What are the gesalt grouping principles
proximity, similarity, continuity, closure/boundries and common fate
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What are feature nets
Networks of detectors that are arragned in layers. To progress up the layers to form a complex feature like whole letters and then a complete word, the detectors between these layers need to fire when thier activation is aboave a particular response thres
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Describe recognition by components theory
Objects are made up by combonations of simple shapes called geons. fewer than 36 geons can compse all objects.
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Describe multiple views theory
Each different view point of an object is stored as a seperate representation. you recognise a new image by finding the closest match
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Describe perceptual consistency
Familiar objects are percieved as constant despite chanes to the image cast on the retina.
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Describe inattentional blindness
When our attention is directed elsewhere in the visual field, we may not be conciously aware of things that happen right in front of us
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Describe change blindness
The failure to notice a difference between one state and a different state
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Describe early selection hypothosis
Selection happens at an early sage of processing. Unattended stimuli are not fully proccesed
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Describe late selection hypothosis
All stimuli are processed for meaning then selection occurs with a filter of physical properties and teh meaning. only the stimuli that are remaining are remembered.
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Describe the theory of perceptual load
With a finite limit to the rescources availiable. if the primary task is easy then there will be enough rescourcess to process the unattended channel.
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Define priming
Priming occurs when the detection of certain stimuli is affected by prior presentation of the same of similar stimuli
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How does priming work
It lowers the threshold for activation of the detectors
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Describe stimulus driven priming
repetition primes detectors automatically primed to be more responsive than neutral. Improves preformance when activated
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Descripe expectation driven priming
Under your control, primed to be more responsive than neutral. Correct expectation improves preformance.
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Describe Spatial attention
Spatial attention can be conceptualised as a spotlight which can be focased on any region of space
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Describe the theory of limited resources
if the combined demand for rescources is less than the amoun availiable then the two tasks can be preformed simultainiously
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Describe implicit and explicit memories
explicit - Conciously remember
Implicit - Unconcious memory
Both apart of of long term memory
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Describe memory
The process of encoding, storing and retrieving experiences and knowledge
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Describe short term memory
Allow us to remember things for a short amount of time.
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Describe the modal module
Information processing approach to memory, recieved processed and stored differently depending on type
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Describe sensory memory
Visual system retains information for very brief periods of time, very fragile, if important can be retrieved later.
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Describe the visuo spatial sketchpad
Internal etchasketch, responsible for manipulating Vs images and seperate from the phonological loop
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Describe the Phonological loop
internal tape recorder, phonological store, hold accoustic information and is a passive process.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define perception

Back

The process of combining sensory information to form a representation of the world.

Card 3

Front

What does perception involve

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Define recognition

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does shorter wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum mean?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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