PSYA1 Attachment

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Bowlby
Attachment theory, children elicit caregiving via social releasers,attachment happens during sensitive period, and provides internal working model for future relationships, monotropy to primary caregiver
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Schaffer and Emerson
Ctrl observation, infants formed many attachments, but still ONE MAIN ATTACHMENT
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Harlow
wire and cloth mother experiment, monkeys raised with wire mother had maladaptive attachment
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Sroufe
Secure attachment = high popularity and social competence for later life = Continuity
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Rutter
Bowlby limitation = unsure if one or many attachments are needed
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Ainsworth
Strange situation, ctrl observation with parent, child and stranger, 8 episodes of different behaviours, 66% became securely attached, some insecure-avoidant and some insecure resistant. Uganda, sensitive mothers = secure attachment
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Hazan and Shaver
love quiz, found that securely attached infants were more likely to form lasting relationships
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Tronick
investigated attachment in efe tribe, still a primary attachment even thought they use very different childrearing practices
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Grossman and Grossman
German children, higher likelihood of insecure attachment than US children
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Van Ijzendoorm and Kroonenberg
meta analysis, more variation within cultures than between them, no cultural difference
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Rothbaum
attachment theory = strong western bias, reflects individualism and is not generalisable to collectivist cultures
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Spitz and Wolf
100 children in institutional care, became severely depressed within a few months
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Robertson and Robertson
Natural observation, 6 children observed during primary caregiver separation, Laura and John = Depressed, other children coped well, were given substitute emotional care
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Skeels and Dye
institutionalised children with low IQs were given substitute emotional care, their IQ improved
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Bifulco
women who lost mothers before 17, 2x likely to have depression or anxiety, disruption of attachment makes individual more susceptible to disorders, stress triggers them.
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Hodges and Tizard
longitudinal study, children prevented from forming attachments in institutional care, showed poor peer relations and desire for approval from adults = DISINHIBITED ATTACHMENT.
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Rutter
100 romanian orphans, adopted by british families before 6 months = normal emotional development, after 6 months = disinhibited attachment.
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Gardner
Deprivation dwarfism, privation of young girl, who became physically stunted and withdrawn, was later given attention and returned to normal
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NICHD
longitudinal US study, 1000 children, 5 yr olds in day care = disobedient and aggressive, more likely to have temper tantrums than without daycare
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EPPE
UK Longitudinal, children more disobedient and aggressive, larger impact for children under 2, 3000 children
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Belsky and Rovine
children = 20+ hours of day care = higher chance of insecure attachment
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Clarke-Stewart
Children in daycare = more socially advanced than those at home, more obedience. Day care may have some effects, but hard to disentangle all variables that may affect child's behaviour
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Ctrl observation, infants formed many attachments, but still ONE MAIN ATTACHMENT

Back

Schaffer and Emerson

Card 3

Front

wire and cloth mother experiment, monkeys raised with wire mother had maladaptive attachment

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Secure attachment = high popularity and social competence for later life = Continuity

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Bowlby limitation = unsure if one or many attachments are needed

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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