Protozoa

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  • Created by: Cal1234
  • Created on: 13-04-19 13:40
what are protozoa
microscopic unicellular organisms, may be intracellular or extracellular, may be pathogens or commensal organisms
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what are the four morphologies of protozoa
sporozoans, flagellates, amoebas, ciliates
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what are sporozoans
parasitic, often intracellular, cyst forming and tend to affect intermediate hosts
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what are two examples of sporozoans
babesia, coccidian
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what are flagellates
possess flagella for locomotion, reproduce asexually via binary fissions
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what is one example of a flagellates
giardia
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what are amoebas
are living, reproduce via binary fission, can form cysts in host tissue
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what are cilliates
covered in fine cilia, often found in healthy pigs, rats, horses, capable of forming cysts
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what is Giardia
toxins produced by trophozoites and T-cells shorten brush border, reducing absorption and enzyme activity
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clinical sings of giardia
malabsorptive diarrhoea, weight loss, anorexia, vomiting
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diagnosis of giardia
3 day pooled faecal sample, microscopic examination or PCR/ELISA
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treatment and control of giardia
fenbendazole/metronidazole, remve faeces from area ASAP and disinfect, restrict access to contaminated area esp water
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what is the pathophysiology of giardia
Trophozoites attach to brush border of small intestine mucosa and absorb nutrients, form cysts in large intestine and are passed in faeces, transmit via faecal oral route, direct contact or contaminated environment, is zoonotic
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what are the four types of coccidia
eimeria, isospora, toxoplasma, neospora, all have the same basic life cycle of sexual and asexual repro inside host
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what is coccidiosis
acute invasion and destruction of intestinal mucosa by protozoa of the genera eimeria (rabbits) or isospora (dogs and cats)
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when is coccidiosis more common
in situations where there is stress, over crowding and poor hygiene
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clinical signs of coccidia
many infection are sub clinical and asymptomatic, diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration
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diagnosis of coccidosis
microscopy - oocysts in faeces
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treatment and control of coccidiosis
medication with sulfonamides, promt removal of faeces, appropriate disinfection
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what are tissue forming coccidians
toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum will form sarcocysts
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what are the intermediate and definitive hosts of tissue forming coccidians
herbivorous intermediate and carnivorous definitive
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what happens in intermediate host
asexual repro , producing lots of infectious organisms
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what happens in final host
sexual repro in intestinal epithelium
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what is neosporosis caused by
neospora caninum
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what is the intermediate and definitive host of neosporosis
cattle - intermediate, dog - definitive
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what does neosporosis cause
abortion from transplacental infection
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clinical signs of neosporosis
subclinical infection in dogs, puppies may have progressive hindlimb paresis, occasionally associated with neurological disorders in dogs given imunosuppresive drugs
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prevention of neosporosis
avoiding faecal contamination of water, feeding well cooked meat, correct disposal of cattle fetuses and placentae
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what is toxoplasmosis caused by
toxoplasma gondii
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what is the definitive host of toxoplasmosis
felines
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what may infection occur by
ingestion of oocysts - food/ water contaminated by cat faeces, ingestion of tissue cysts - raw/uncooked meat
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clinical signs of toxoplasmosis
rarely cause signs in cats, can cause pyrexia, diarrhea, neurological signs
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diagnosis of toxoplasmosis
Antibody titre test, histopathology at post mortem
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management and client education of toxoplasmosis
cats only transmit oocysts during first exposure, indoor cats at lower risk as not hunting intermediate hosts, pregnant or immunocompressed individuals should avoid cleaning litter boxes
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what are the four morphologies of protozoa

Back

sporozoans, flagellates, amoebas, ciliates

Card 3

Front

what are sporozoans

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what are two examples of sporozoans

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what are flagellates

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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