Each proteins had its own specific number and sequence of amino acids. The sequence of amino acids gives each protein a particular 3D shape. The shape of a protein affects the way it works.
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Globular shape (blobby)
Examples; enzymes, hormones, haemoglobin (in blood). Functions: It controls reactions due to their shape, transported in blood to target cells and it carried oxygen in red blood cells.
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Fibrous (long, strong fibres)
Examples: keratin (in nails) and collagen (in tendons and ligaments). Function: tough nails protect finger and toe ends and ligaments hold bones together, tendons attach muscles to bones.
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What is a mutation in proteins?
A mutation can change one or more of the bases in the DNA base sequence. This may change the amino acid that is added to the chain during translation on the ribosome.
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What affect may a change in the amino acid cause? (1)
Have no effect if it doesn't change the shape of the protein or the way it works.
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What affect may a change in the amino acid cause? (2)
be beneficial if it helps the protein to work better than before.
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What affect may a change in the amino acid cause? (3)
be harmful if the protein changes shape and does not work so well. An example of a harmful mutation is the allele that causes sickle cell disease.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Examples; enzymes, hormones, haemoglobin (in blood). Functions: It controls reactions due to their shape, transported in blood to target cells and it carried oxygen in red blood cells.
Back
Globular shape (blobby)
Card 3
Front
Examples: keratin (in nails) and collagen (in tendons and ligaments). Function: tough nails protect finger and toe ends and ligaments hold bones together, tendons attach muscles to bones.
Back
Card 4
Front
A mutation can change one or more of the bases in the DNA base sequence. This may change the amino acid that is added to the chain during translation on the ribosome.
Back
Card 5
Front
Have no effect if it doesn't change the shape of the protein or the way it works.
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