Antibodies, hormones and their receptors on membranes of target cells, channels in cell membranes, catalysts (enzymes), muscle
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What are the 4 elements that protein molecules contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
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What are proteins made of?
Smaller molecules, amino acids, which are joined together to make long chains that fold up into specific shapes. Other molecule with a particular shape can fit into it
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How do cells know that protein to build?
A gene contains instructions to make a specific protein. Cells make proteins by stringing amino acids together in a particular order. Genes tell cells in what order to put the amino acids together.
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What are enzymes?
Chemicals which speed up chemical reactions, e.g. photosyntehsis, protein synthesis, respiration
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What is the active site of an enzyme?
A particular shape of the enzyme molecule, where substrate molecules fit into
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What happens after a substrate molecule fits into the active site?
This brings them together, so a bond forms, making a bigger molecule
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What else can happen?
A bond can break, producing 2 smaller product molecules
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True or false: only one particular type of substrate molecule can fit into an enzyme's active site?
True, meaning that each enzyme is specific for its substrate molecules
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What are the optimum temperature and pH?
A particular temperature and pH that each enzyme works best at
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Why does increasing the temperature gives a faster rate of reaction to enzymes to work best at?
The enzyme and substrate molecules start moving more quickly and collide more often
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What happens if the temperature is too high?
The shape of the enzyme's active site changes, and the substrate molecule can't fit into the active site any more. The rate of reaction slows down and eventually stops
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What does denatured mean?
Enzymes can't go back to their original shapes. The change is irreversible
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
5 examples of proteins
Back
Antibodies, hormones and their receptors on membranes of target cells, channels in cell membranes, catalysts (enzymes), muscle
Card 3
Front
What are the 4 elements that protein molecules contain?
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