Proteins - Amino Acids 4.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings ? BiologyBiological moleculesASOCR Created by: shyde7Created on: 28-03-16 13:38 Proteins are comprised of what? Large chains of amino acids. 1 of 34 Proteins form which essential component in animals? Structural components e.g. muscles. 2 of 34 Why is a proteins ability to adopt a specific shape a good thing? It means they can form enzymes, antibodies and hormones. 3 of 34 What function do proteins peform in a membrane? Act as carriers and pores for active transport across the membrane and facillitated diffusion. 4 of 34 What are essential amino acids? Amino acids that must be injested. 5 of 34 In the right conditions, plants can do what that animals cannot? Make all the amino acids they need. However this is subject to the plants ability to find fixed nitrogen. 6 of 34 Which elements are amino acids made of? Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur. 7 of 34 How many amino acids are there? 500 8 of 34 How many amino acids are found in proteins? 20. 9 of 34 What is the word for when an amino acid is found in a protein? Proteinogenic. 10 of 34 On each protein chain of amino acids you will find what on one end and what on the other? You will find an amino group (-NH2) at one and a carboxyl (-COOH) group at the other. 11 of 34 What does the R group stand for in an amino acid? It does not stand for any particualr element, but is different in each amino acid. 12 of 34 What is the R group for glycine? An H atom. 13 of 34 What is the R group in alanine? CH3. 14 of 34 What is thr R group for cysteine? CH3S. 15 of 34 What is the suffix for almost all amino acids? -ine. 16 of 34 Why would an amino acid not end in -ine? Becausue the R group is acidic. 17 of 34 What other properties of R groups vary? They vary in size, charge and polarity. Some are hydrophilic and some are hydrophobic. 18 of 34 What happens when amino acids are dissolved in water? The amino group and the carboxyl group can ionise. 19 of 34 What does ionising the amino group and the carboxyl group mean? The amino group can accept a H+ ion and go from NH2 to NH3+. The carboxyl group can go from COOH to COO- 20 of 34 What happens when amino acids are dissolved in solution with a low pH? The amino acid will accept H+ ions. 21 of 34 What happens when amino acids are dissolved in solution with a high pH? The amino acid will release H+ ions. 22 of 34 Why is an amino acid known as pmphoteric? Because it has acidic and basic properties. 23 of 34 Why can amino acids act as buffers? Because they can accept and release H+ ions, and so can regulate changes in pH. A buffer is a substance that resists changes in pH. 24 of 34 What bond joins amino acids? Peptide bonds. 25 of 34 What reactions are involved in making and breaking these bonds? A condensation reaction makes them and a hydrolysis reaction breaks them. 26 of 34 What is used to cataluse these reactions? Enzymes. 27 of 34 Which enzymes are used to break peptide bonds during digestion? Protease. 28 of 34 What other function to protease enzymes perform? They also break down protein hormones so their effects aren't permanent. 29 of 34 What is a dipeptide? Two amino acids joined together. 30 of 34 What is a polypeptide? A chain of amino acids. 31 of 34 Is the peptide bond depicted as single or double? Single. 32 of 34 What gives the peptide bond some of the properties of a double bond? The electron arrangement around the bond. 33 of 34 What effect does the electron arrangement have on the peptide bond? The bond is shorter than the conventional C-N bond, it inhibits rotation around the bond and makes the chain relatively rigid. 34 of 34
Comments
No comments have yet been made