Protein Synthesis

What is protein synthesis?

Protein synthesis consists of two separate stages: transcription and translation.

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What is Transcription?

Transcription takes place in the nucleus. The strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) that is formed then moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

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What is Translation?

Translation takes place in the cytoplasm when the mRNA strand attaches to a ribosome.

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What is Step 1 in Transcription?

a section of DNA is unwound and the two strands separate.

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What is step 2 in Transcription?

Free complementary bases pair with the open on one DNA strand. The free bases are joined together to make a strand of complementary mRNA.

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What is step 1 in Translation?

Ribosome moves along the mRNA in this direction reading one triplet of bases (codon) at the time.

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What is step 2 in Translation?

tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome. The amino acid attached to each tRNA molecule depends on the order of bases in the tRNA.

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What is step 3 in Translation?

Complementary bases of tRNA pair with the bases on the mRNA strand.

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What is step 4 in Translation?

Amino acids that are close together are joined to make an amino acid chain (a polypeptide).

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What is step 5 in Translation?

tRNA free to collect another amino acid.

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What is step 6 in Translation?

Every protein is formed from a specific number of amino acids in a particular order. The order of the bases in the DNA defines the order in which the amino acids are joined together. So one section of DNA codes for one particular protein.

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Protein Synthesis

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