The instructions to make the hormone are in the DNA in the nucleus.
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What is the 2nd stage in protein synthesis?
Specific instruction to make the hormone is known as the gene for that hormone - the gene is on a chromosome.
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What happens next?
The nucleus copies the instructions in DNA into mRNA.
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What does the mRNA do?
mRNA leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores and attaches to a ribosome.
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What happens after mRNA attaches to a ribosome?
The ribosome reads the instructions and uses codes to assemble the hormone.
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What happens to this assembled protein?
The assembled protein in rough ER is pinched off in a vesicle and transported to the golgi apparatus.
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What happens at the golgi apparatus?
The golgi apparatus packages and may modify the protein so it is ready for use. Packaged into a vesicle and transported to cell surface membrane where it is secreted outside.
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What are the similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Both have a cell surface membrane made of phospholipids, instructions in the form of DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, both can perform all the characteristics of living things.
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What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic cells are much smaller and prokaryotes have smaller ribosomes. Prokaryotes do not have any internal membranes or a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum or lysosomes.
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Examples of prokaryotes that help
Bacterial species used in food industry to make cheese and yoghurt. Bacterial cells in mammals help with vitamin K production and help to digest some foods.
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Last questions continued...
Skin is covered in normal flora of bacteria preventing harmful microorganisms entering the body. Sewage treatment and natural recycling rely on bacterial cells digesting and respiring dead waste and material.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the 2nd stage in protein synthesis?
Back
Specific instruction to make the hormone is known as the gene for that hormone - the gene is on a chromosome.
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