Protein Synthesis

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What does degenerate mean?
It refers to the fact that most amino acids have more than 1 triplet code
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What does non-overlapping mean?
It means each base in the sequence is only read once
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Give differences between nuclear eukaryotic DNA and prokaryotic DNA?
found in the nucleus,long,linear DNA found as chromosomes when cell is replicating. DNA associates with histones to form DNA. Prokaryotic DNA- Much smallerand is circular. Found free in the cytoplasm. Not associated with proteins.
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What is non coding DNA called?
Introns
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What is coding DNA called?
Exons
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What is a genome?
It is the complete set of genes in a cell
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What is a proteome?
It is the full range of proteins produced by the genome.
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What happens in transcription?
An mRNA strand is formed. processing of the mRNA.
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What happens in translation?
a polypeptide chain is formed. modification of the protein
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Describe the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?
It binds to DNA and initiates the process of transcription.It elongates the RNA and terminates the RNA.
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explain why splicing of the pre mRNA is necessary?
It removes introns that would interfere with the process of translation. Splicing allows the rejoining of exons
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Give some key features of mRNA?
It’s a long strand that is arranged in a single helix. It acts as a template for protein synthesis. It possesses information in the form of codons.
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Give some key features of tRNA?
It’s a relatively small molecule made up of around 80 nucleotides. It’s a single stranded chain folded into a clover leaf shape, with one end of the chain extending beyond the other.
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Describe the role of tRNA in the process of translation?
It enters the active site of the ribosome and it specifically bonds to the specific triplet code of the mRNA. It joins the peptide bonds to form the structure of a protein.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does non-overlapping mean?

Back

It means each base in the sequence is only read once

Card 3

Front

Give differences between nuclear eukaryotic DNA and prokaryotic DNA?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is non coding DNA called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is coding DNA called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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