What other form is DNA found as in bacterial cells?
Plasmids
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What are plasmids?
Small circular loops of DNA
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What type of genetic information do plasmids contain?
They possess genes that aid the survival of bacteria in adverse conditions ) e.g. produces enzymes that break down anti-biotics
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Are plasmids always present in prokaryotic cells?
No
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What is the capsule made up of in a bacterial cell?
Secreted-slime
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What two functions does a capsule in a bacterial cell have?
It protects them from other cells (such as cells from the immune system) and helps groups of bacterai to stick together for further protection
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What does the cell wall provide in a bacterial cell?
It provides support and prevents the cell from changing shape
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What is the cell wall of a bacterial cell made of?
Murein
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What type of polymer is murein?
A glycoprotein
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How is the cell membrane of a bacterial cell similar to that of a eukaryotic cell?
It is made up of mainly lipids and proteins
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What does the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells not contain?
Membrane-bound organelles
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What is the difference between ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
Ribosomes found in prokaryotic cells are smaller (70s) than in eukaryotic cells (80s)
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How do most prokaryotic cells replicate?
By binary fission
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What are the four main components of a virus?
- Capsid - Attachment protein - Genetic material - Reverse transcriptase
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If the virus was a HIV virus, what other components would it have?
- Lipid envelope - Matrix
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What is the capsid and what is its function?
It is a protein coat that encompasses the genetic material
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How do viruses reproduce?
They use their attachment proteins to bind to a complementary receptor proteins on the surface of a host cell and inject their genetic material into the host cell. Then the host cells uses its enzymes, ribosomes and other organelles to (pto)
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Card 26 continuation
replicate the viral particle using the injected genetic material
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