What are prokaryotic cells in comparison to eukaryotes?
Smaller
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How are they different?
No membrane bound organelles, Smaller 70s ribosomes, no nucleus- single circular DNA molecule free in cytoplasm, cell wall of murein, plasmids, capsule and flagella
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What is the cell wall?
Complex with more layer and components. Has rigid outer covering made peptidoglycan - murein mesh formed from amino acids and sugars
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What is the cytoplasm?
Fluid in which most of basic life functions occur eg respiration
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What are the ribosomes?
For protein synthesis (protein production)- small 70s in bacteria
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What is the DNA
Circular in bacteria ends joined to form loop. Has one main chromosome that contains all genes essential for life and several smaller plasmids (circular piece of DNA ) that also contain useful genes
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What is bacterial DNA not attached to?
Organising proteins
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What is the capsule?
Protective slimy layer which helps the cell retain moisture and adhere to surfaces (layer of mucus)
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What does it also provide
Some protection from digestion by enzymes in gut of animals and from drying out
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What are the plasmids?
Small circular loops of DNA that contain genes that are useful rather than essential
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What is the cell-surface (plasma) membrane?
All living cells have one
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What is the Flagella?
Tail like structure present in some prokaryotic cells to allow movement (rotates)
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What is the pili?
Small hair like projections from outer cell surface which attach to other bacterial cells
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What are the mesosomes?
Infolding's of inner membrane which contain enzymes required for respiration
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What does it mean that all plants and animals are multicellular?
Cells can specialise-become adapted for different functions eg neurones, spermatozoa and palisade cells
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What are tissues?
Collection of specialised cells eg nerve muscle and connective tissue or eg palisade mesophyll, xylem and phloem
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What is an organ?
Collection of tissues working together to preform a common function eg eye heart lung and kidney or eg roots leaves and flowers
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What are organs organised into?
Systems that work together to preform a major function eg digestive respiratory and reproductive
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What are viruses?
Acellular and non-living. Tiny infectious particles
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What does their structure include?
Genetic material, capsid and attachment protein
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How do they reproduce?
Infecting living cell and using hosts organelles to make more virus particles
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What do all viruses have?
Genetic material in form of DNA or RNA (retrovirus). Inner protein coat called capsid (protective). Attachment proteins that allow them to attach and enter a cell
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What are they sometimes covered by?
Lipid layer called envelope
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How are they different?
Back
No membrane bound organelles, Smaller 70s ribosomes, no nucleus- single circular DNA molecule free in cytoplasm, cell wall of murein, plasmids, capsule and flagella
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