Principles of Psych - WK 6 Personality & Trait Psychology

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How are traits and typologies (types) different from one another?
Traits are seen as varying on a continuum whereas typologies put people in distinct categories
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What is the main assumption of the trait approach?
Personality is made up of stable inner qualities (traits) which reflect in behaviour (they vary on a continuum)
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What is the main assumption of the type approach?
That people can be divided into different types
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What were the four typologies created by Hippocrates and Galen based on?
Bodily fluids
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In typologies proposed by Hippocrates and Galen, phlegmatic people were thought to be:
Calm
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In typologies proposed by Hippocrates and Galen, choleric people were thought to be:
Irritable
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What is the Myers Briggs Personality Test an example of?
Typologies approach
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The nomothetic trait approach to personality makes the point that:
We all have a set number of traits that we all vary on
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The idiographic trait approach to psychology makes the point that:
Each person is unique and may have individual traits unique to them
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What was Gordon Allport's perspective on personality?
Personality consisted of common traits & individual traits
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What approach states that traits & situations interact together to influence behaviour?
Interactionalism
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Eysenck believes that his two type dimensions of personality relate to qualities of:
The nervous system
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What are the two supertraits Eysenck suggested were the key dimensions of personality?
Extraversion (vs introversion) & neuroticism
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What did Eysenck argue the extraversion-introversion dimension is based on?
Cortical arousal
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What is the difference between levels of cortical arousal in extroverts and introverts?
Extroverts have lower cortical arousal than introverts
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Cattell’s empirical work resulted in a personality scale which is called the:
16 PF
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What is the common view of personality today?
There are five main factors of personality
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What is the aim of correlational research?
Looks at the relationship between two variables
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What is another term for the outcome variable?
Dependent variable
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What two figures do correlations vary from?
-1 & +1
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What are the five main factors of personality?
Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion - introversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
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In Antinori et al's (2017) study, how did people who were high in openness to experience score on divergent thinking tasks?
Higher number of scores
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What was a main finding in Sibley & Duckitt's (2009) study?
Less agreeable individuals saw the world as more competitive and dangerous
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In Laghai & Joseph's (2000) study, what did agreeable, open and extraverted people tend to believe?
In expressing emotions
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What was the main finding from Poropat's (2009) study?
Conscientiousness as important a predictor as intelligence
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What were the two factors of personality used as a measure in Piedmont, Hill & Blanco's (1999) study?
Neuroticism & conscientiousness
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The idea that situational variables are more important than personality variables in determining how people act is termed
Situationism
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What was the procedure of Hartshorne & May's (1928) study?
School kids given the chance to cheat in a number of settings
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What is the definition of interactionalism?
Idea that situations and personality interact to determine behaviour
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What is a diathesis-stress model?
A theory that suggests that a vulnerability plus stress causes problems in behaviour
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What is an example of a "weak" situation?
Beach holiday
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What is the formula for understanding behaviour?
Behaviour = person x situation
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What is the basic idea of factor analysis?
Looks at correlations among many variables (e.g. - qualities in people)
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In typologies proposed by Hippocrates and Galen, the group "melancholic" was used to define what type of people?
Depressed
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What term did Wiggins use for "a set of personality patterns varying in levels of dominance and love"?
Interpersonal circle
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In interactionalism, what is the pattern of situation-behaviour links a person has established over time & experience?
Behavioural signature
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Card 2

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What is the main assumption of the trait approach?

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Personality is made up of stable inner qualities (traits) which reflect in behaviour (they vary on a continuum)

Card 3

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What is the main assumption of the type approach?

Back

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Card 4

Front

What were the four typologies created by Hippocrates and Galen based on?

Back

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Card 5

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In typologies proposed by Hippocrates and Galen, phlegmatic people were thought to be:

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