presumption of innocence

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parliament
legislative body of government
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crime
crime is an intentional act or mission in violation of criminal law, committed without defence of justification, and sanctioned by the state
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sanction
punishment given when someone does not obey a rule or a law
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protect individuals
to keep citizens in a society safe and away from harm
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protect property
to protect peoples rights in the safety of their property
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protect society
to keep all individuals in society safe from large-scale threats
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maintain public order
to ensure society runs smoothly and coherently
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protect justice & the rule of law
to ensure legal proceedings run fairly and just
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omissions
leaving out essential information in financial documents of contracts are considered a crime
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presumption of innocence
It is a cardinal principle of our system of justice that every person accused of a crime is presumed to be innocent unless and until his or her guilt is established beyond a reasonable doubt
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prosecution
those seeking formal charges against a person and pursuing those charges to final judgment
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burden of proof
The burden of proof is who has to prove the case, in criminal cases, the burden is on the prosecution to prove that the crime has occurred
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standard of proof
The standard of proof is the amount of proof required to establish someone, in criminal cases, it is beyond reasonable doubt
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elements of a crime
For a criminal offence to occur there must be two main elements - the prohibited conduct and the mental element of a guilty mind or intention.
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mens rea
guilty mind
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actus rea
guilty act
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negligence
Negligence is a failure to take reasonable care to avoid causing injury or loss to another person
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strict liability
Strict liability leads to liability regardless of fault. If the cause of action were one of strict liability, then the defendant would be held liable even though they were not at fault, that is, the defendant's actions were not intentional, reckless or ne
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age of criminal responsibility
the age of criminal responsibility is the age of which one is responsible for a crime they commit. in our justice system this is 10 years old
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crimes against the person
homicide, assault, sexual offences, robbery, stalking
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homicide
The killing of one human by another
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murder
When a person intentionally or recklessly kills another person
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manslaughter
Some killings are less blameworthy than others, if the intent is not to kill, or there is a reasonable defence for their action
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assault
direct or indirect application of force by a person to the body clothing or equipment of another person
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incest
sexual intercourse with people who are closely related
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indecent assault
the assault of a person in indecent circumstances without their consent
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intentional sexual penetration without that person's consent or failing to withdraw once a person is not consenting
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crimes against the property
arson, theft, bribery, burglary
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theft
a person dishonestly appropriating property that belongs to another with the intention of depriving the person of it
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robbery
the use or threat of force in the course of stealing something
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burglary
unlawfully entering a building with the intention of stealing or committing an offence
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drug offences
dealing and trafficking, manufacturing, use and possession
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public order and security offences
weapons and explosives, disorderly and offensive conduct, public nuisance offences
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justice procedure offences
breaches of orders, perjury
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cyber crime
crime involving computers, the internet, and other electronic systems
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hate crime
crime motivated by prejudice because of personal characteristics, cultural status, or sexual orientation
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organised crime
planning and ongoing criminal activity by syndicates and gangs
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Juvenile crime
offences caused by someone ages between 10 to 18 years old
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White collar crime
committed by people who work in government, businesses and corporations when they use their position to steal or obtain financial advantage
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summary offences
minor offences, heard in magistrates court, less serious, no jury, in a hearing, less complex
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indictable offences
major offences, heard in county and supreme courts, determined in trial, both judge and jury, more complex
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indictable offences heard summarily
quicker and cheaper than a trial, maximum sentence is 2 years
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principal offender
A principal offender has demonstrated both actus reus and mens rea in the commission of a crime
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accessory to crime
a person who knowingly assists a principal offender following the commission of a crime
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

crime is an intentional act or mission in violation of criminal law, committed without defence of justification, and sanctioned by the state

Back

crime

Card 3

Front

punishment given when someone does not obey a rule or a law

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

to keep citizens in a society safe and away from harm

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

to protect peoples rights in the safety of their property

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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